Testable (g−2) contribution due to a light stabilized radion in the Randall–Sundrum model
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Anomaly (physics)
Randall–Sundrum model
A geometrical/mechanical model of the muon has been developed based on a previous detailed model of the electron and the fine structure constant. The anomalous magnetic moment and lifetime have been calculated in terms of muon component parts. Known features of the tauon have also been related to the muon.
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Component (thermodynamics)
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We discuss the propagation of muons of energy above a TeV through rock and stress the importance of correctly accounting for the fluctuations of the energy loss in radiative processes. Accounting for these fluctuations affects the major types of underground muon fluxes in the opposite way from a naive treatment that neglects the muon straggling. The rates of downward atmospheric muons are increased, while the flux of upward neutrino-induced muons is decreased. The paper analyzes the causes of these effects and gives helpful parametrizations for the muon ranges applicable to the two types of muon rates. We also extend our calculations to muon energies of ${10}^{6}$ TeV and discuss the uncertainties in the muon energy loss at extremely high energy. An appendix gives a short review of the analytic techniques used to solve the problem of straggling and presents a toy model that displays the role of fluctuations in muon propagation. In another appendix we introduce an interesting technique for the generation of approximate energy, angular, and lateral distributions from the muon survival probability.
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Searches for new physics using muons are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to muon number non-conserving processes, like the decay muon-->e+gamma and muon-electron conversion in muonic atoms. Also, experimental determinations and theoretical predictions for the muon anomalous magnetic moment are reviewed.
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Exotic atom
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We discuss the propagation of muons of energy above a TeV through rock and stress the importance of correctly accounting for the fluctuations of the energy loss in radiative processes. Accounting for these fluctuations affects the major types of underground muon fluxes in the opposite way from a naive treatment that neglects the muon straggling. The rates of downward atmospheric muons are increased, while the flux of upward neutrino-induced muons is decreased. The paper analyzes the causes of these effects and gives helpful parametrizations for the muon ranges applicable to the two types of muon rates. We also extend our calculations to muon energies of ${10}^{6}$ TeV and discuss the uncertainties in the muon energy loss at extremely high energy. An appendix gives a short review of the analytic techniques used to solve the problem of straggling and presents a toy model that displays the role of fluctuations in muon propagation. In another appendix we introduce an interesting technique for the generation of approximate energy, angular, and lateral distributions from the muon survival probability.
Muon collider
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The performance of the muon identification in LHCb is extracted from data using muons and hadrons produced in J/ψ → μ+μ−, Λ0 → pπ− and D⋆+→π+D0(K−π+) decays. The muon identification procedure is based on the pattern of hits in the muon chambers. A momentum dependent binary requirement is used to reduce the probability of hadrons to be misidentified as muons to the level of 1%, keeping the muon efficiency in the range of 95-98%. As further refinement, a likelihood is built for the muon and non-muon hypotheses. Adding a requirement on this likelihood that provides a total muon efficiency at the level of 93%, the hadron misidentification probabilities are below 0.6%.
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Pair production
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We consider the process of muon pair production by
high-energy muons and its consequences for the characteristics of muon flux underground. It is shown that
the accounting of this process in the muon propagation through the rock results in an additional flux of narrow double- and triple-muon events which is comparable to the
conventional flux of narrow muon bundles with low multiplicity.
Muon collider
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The primary goal of the FNAL Muon g-2 Experiment, located in Batavia, IL, USA, is to measure the anomalous magnetic dipole moment, aμ = (g-2)/2, of a muon to a precision of 0.14 ppm. Initial results from the experiment confirm a discrepancy between the experimental value of the muon anomaly compared with the theoretical value first discovered by the Brookhaven Muon g-2 Experiment in 2001. This discrepancy hints at new physics. However, running the experiment with negative muons is essential in order to verify the experimental value of the muon anomaly. As neither experiments nor simulation studies pertaining to the muon anomaly have been performed with negative muons, the goal of this work is to estimate the rates of negative muons arriving at the FNAL Muon g-2 experiment so that scientists can estimate the time required to run the experiment with negative muons. In order to do this, we performed several simulations of the Muon Campus, which delivers muons to the FNAL Muon g-2 Experiment, using the G4Beamline v. 3.06 at the National Energy Research Computing Center. We performed separate simulations for different sections of the muon campus, and simulations were repeated twice, once for negative muons and once for positive muons. An initial 109 protons were shot on target for both the negative and positive muon simulations. We found that the rate of negative muons arriving at the experiment was 0.549 times the rate of positive muons arriving at the experiment.
Muon collider
Muon capture
Anomaly (physics)
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As it is known, the anomalous magnetic moment of muons is a longstanding puzzle of the Standard Model (SM). Commonly referred to as the muon “g-2 problem”, the precise testing of this anomaly provides a sensitive probe for physics beyond SM. Here we show that the leading order contribution to the muon anomaly can be estimated from the onset of non-equilibrium dynamics near the Fermi scale. The derivation is straightforward and evades the postulated existence of new phenomena in the low to the mid TeV range of high-energy physics.
Anomaly (physics)
Dynamics
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Randall–Sundrum model
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