Enhancement by cadmium ion of ATP-evoked responses in PC12 cells
Makoto IkedaSchuichi KoizumiKen NakazawaKaori InoueTomoko ObamaKnnisuke NagamatsuAkira HasegawaYasuo OhnoKazuhide Inoue
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In this paper, squid paste as organic cadmium additive and CdCl2 as inorganic cadmium additive were used to study the accumulation of different forms of cadmium and toxicity in shrimp. The results indicate that cadmium mainly accumulate in the purtenance of shrimp, which did not vary significantly with organic cadmium and inorganic cadmium. The concentration of cadmium in shrimp correlates well with both culture time and cadmium concentration in feedstuff. However, shrimps fed with inorganic cadmium addtive have a higher tissue content than those fed with organic cadmium addtive during the same culture time. Mortality in shrimp of the organic cadmium group is higher than the inorganic cadmium group.All the test data were analyzed for food safety and sanitation.
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Abstract Cadmium absorption by rice plants was examined by means of water culture experiments with l15mCd. The time course of the cadmium absorption by young plants was found to consist of two phases: one was the initial rapid phase and the other was the succeeding rather steady phase with smaller absorption rate. Cadmium distribution within rice plants were related to the phases of absorption. About 60% of 115mCd absorbed in the initial phase was released (exchanged) when soaked in 10 ppm cadmium solution. Incorporation of cadmium occurred in killed roots also. Rice plants absorbed cadmium actively when cadmium concentration in culture solution was low, while when it was high the mode of absorption implied that rice roots might actively depress the income of cadmium. Relationship between the rate of cadmium absorption by excised roots and the cadmium concentration in culture solution showed a kind of dual pattern.
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Absorption rate
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In the contaminative soil of cadmium and zinc,the different concentration of cadmium and zinc influence alfalfa′s quality and cadmium content.The research indicate,when the concentration of cadmium increase,the content of cadmium in alfalfa increase.Zinc depress the absorption of cadmium.The cadmium concentration in soil and alfalfa is a liner response.The low concentration cadmium in soil accelerate the protein,the high concentration cadmium in soil depress the protein,The research indicate: It′s feasible to plant alfalfa in the low concentration of cadmium.
CADMIUM EXPOSURE
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CADMIUM EXPOSURE
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We investigated the response of field pea, Pisum sativum, to cadmium in soil using 24 pea cultivars and 11 locations situated in France and Sweden. The pea kernels had an average cadmium content of 0.036 ppm. The mean cadmium uptake of the individual pea cultivars did not differ between locations. The cultivar Laser had the highest mean uptake, 0.066 ppm cadmium, while the cultivar Callisto had the lowest uptake, 0.021 ppm cadmium. The highest mean uptake of cadmium was achieved in the field with the second highest level of cadmium (0.39 ppm in soil). The lowest mean uptake of cadmium was obtained in the field with the third highest cadmium content (0.32 ppm). No differences existed between the French and Swedish locations with respect to cadmium uptake in the peas. All cultivars investigated responded in terms of cadmium uptake to the differences in cadmium exposure occurring at the different locations. We suggest that when breeding peas for improved tolerance to cadmium exposure, differences in the genetic material should be carefully investigated and exploited. Our study demonstrates that the cadmium uptake of peas is not dependent on the exact chemical levels of cadmium in soils under such low levels of cadmium as in the present study.
Field pea
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In this study, one strain of fungi identified as Phoma sp. F2 with high ability of cadmium resistance and accumulating the heavy metal was screened from a mineral blende, then removal and adsorptive behavior for cadmium by F2 were studied. We discovered that F2 survived as high concentration as at 2 000 mg· L- 1 of cadmium. When cultured in liquid, cadmium in medium was removed effectively, especially, with highly initial concentration of cadmium, and cadmium content of dried biomass reached 28% . Adsorption of cadmium by dried biomass of F2 was in accordance with stair adsorption kinetics, and kinetic parameters were calculated in the present study. We also found that the adsorption ability of lyophilized biomass was much higher than oven dried biomass. It was suggested that the fungi remove effectively cadmium at wide ranges of pH and cadmium concentrations.
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Artemia salina
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The time course of cadmium uptake by the roots of intact tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was measured in a nutrient solution with a micromolar cadmium concentration until all cadmium in the medium was exhausted. Exhaustion taking a few hours, cadmium was repeatedly added to the nutrient solution. The initial rate of cadmium uptake was computed for each cadmium addition. This rate sharply increased and ultimately leveled off, the maximum value being about three times higher than the value measured after the first cadmium addition. The stimulating effect of cadmium was associated with an inhibitory effect at higher levels of cadmium concentrations. An increase in the net cadmium influx with time could not be explained by the binding of heavy metal to a fixed number of organic compounds. Conceivably, the production of binding sites could be increased and cadmium might play a part in controlling the rate of sites production.
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Lycopersicon
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Salix has its special characteristic and some uptake and accumulation capacity for cadmium pollution in the environment.Two hybrid Salix clones were used to be tested in water for thirty-four days.The results indicated that cadmium concentration in leaf increased with cadmium mass concentration in solution and time prolonging.When cadmium mass concentration was 0～20(mg/L) in water,cadmium concentration in leaf of two Salix clones was increased slowly before 15 days and fast after 15 days,cadmium concentration increasing in leaf with cadmium mass concentration in solution was different in different Salix clones.The cadmium concentration in different parts of plant is in the order of rootleafstem,cadmium concentration in root of first clone was lower than third clone and first clone was higher than third clone in stem and leaf.When cadmium mass concentration was 0～20(mg/L) in water,the total cadmium uptake in different parts of plant is in the order of rootleafstem.The quantity of cadmium uptake in all parts of first clone was higher than third clone.When cadmium mass concentration was 5(mg/L) in solution,there was a great deal of Cd in root,cadmium concentration in overground of plant was more and more with cadmium mass concentration increasing in solution. The growth in Salix had not been distinctly restrained when the cadmium mass concentration is under 20(mg/L).
clone (Java method)
Mass concentration (chemistry)
Heavy Metals Pollution
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