EMISSION-LINE GALAXIES FROM THEHUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPEPROBING EVOLUTION AND REIONIZATION SPECTROSCOPICALLY (PEARS) GRISM SURVEY. II. THE COMPLETE SAMPLE
N. PirzkalBarry RothbergChun LySangeeta MalhotraJames E. RhoadsNorman A. GroginT. DahlénK. G. NoeskeG. R. MeurerJ. R. WalshNimish P. HathiSeth H. CohenAndrea BelliniBenne W. HolwerdaAmber N. StraughnM. MechtleyRogier A. Windhorst
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We present a full analysis of the Probing Evolution And Reionization Spectroscopically (PEARS) slitess grism spectroscopic data obtained with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on HST. PEARS covers fields within both the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS) North and South fields, making it ideal as a random survey of galaxies, as well as the availability of a wide variety of ancillary observations to support the spectroscopic results. Using the PEARS data we are able to identify star forming galaxies within the redshift volume 0< z<1.5. Star forming regions in the PEARS survey are pinpointed independently of the host galaxy. This method allows us to detect the presence of multiple emission line regions (ELRs) within a single galaxy. 1162 Ha, [OIII] and/or [OII] emission lines have been identified in the PEARS sample of ~906 galaxies down to a limiting flux of ~1e-18 erg/s/cm^2. The ELRs have also been compared to the properties of the host galaxy, including morphology, luminosity, and mass. From this analysis we find three key results: 1) The computed line luminosities show evidence of a flattening in the luminosity function with increasing redshift; 2) The star forming systems show evidence of disturbed morphologies, with star formation occurring predominantly within one effective (half-light) radius. However, the morphologies show no correlation with host stellar mass; and 3) The number density of star forming galaxies with M_* > 1e9} M_sun decreases by an order of magnitude at z<0.5 relative to the number at 0.5Keywords:
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The Advanced Camera for Surveys on board the Hubble Space Telescope is equipped with one grism and three prisms for low‐resolution, slitless spectroscopy in the range 1150–10500 Å. The G800L grism provides optical spectroscopy between 5500 Å and >1 μm, with a mean dispersion of 39 and 24 Å pixel−1 (in the first spectral order) when coupled with the Wide Field and the High Resolution Channels, respectively. Given the lack of any on‐board calibration lamps for wavelength and narrowband flat‐fielding, the G800L grism can only be calibrated using astronomical targets. In this paper, we describe the strategy used to calibrate the grism in orbit, with special attention given to the treatment of the field dependence of the grism flat field, wavelength solution, and sensitivity in both channels.
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We present the first results of a survey of random fields with the slitless G141 (λc = 1.5 μm, Δλ = 0.8 μm) grism on the near-IR camera and multiobject spectrometer (NICMOS) on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Approximately 64 arcmin2 have been observed at intermediate and high Galactic latitudes. The 3 σ limiting line and continuum fluxes in each field vary from 7.5 × 10-17 to 1 × 10-17 ergs cm-2 s-1, and from H = 20 to 22, respectively. Our median and area-weighted 3 σ limiting line fluxes within a 4 pixel aperture are nearly identical at 4.1 × 10-17 ergs cm-2 s-1 and are 60% deeper than the deepest narrowband imaging surveys from the ground. We have identified 33 emission-line objects and derive their observed wavelengths, fluxes, and equivalent widths. We argue that the most likely line identification is Hα and that the redshift range probed is from 0.75 to 1.9. The 2 σ rest-frame equivalent width limits range from 9 to 130 Å, with an average of 40 Å. The survey probes an effective comoving volume of 105 h-350 Mpc3 for q0 = 0.5. Our derived comoving number density of emission-line galaxies in the range 0.7 < z < 1.9 is 3.3 × 10-4 h350 Mpc-3, very similar to that of the bright Lyman break objects at z ~ 3. The objects with detected emission lines have a median F160W magnitude of 20.4 (Vega scale) and a median Hα luminosity of 2.7 × 1042 ergs s-1. The implied star formation rates range from 1 to 324 M☉ yr-1, with an average [N II] λλ6583, 6548 corrected rate of 21 M☉ yr-1 for H0 = 50 km s-1 Mpc and q0 = 0.5 (34 M☉ yr-1 for q0 = 0.1).
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We present the first results from the HST/ACS Grism Parallel Survey, a large program obtaining deep, slitless ACS grism spectroscopy of high-latitude HST parallel fields. We report on 11 high Galactic latitude fields here, each with grism integration times >12 ks. We identify 601 compact emission line galaxies at z < 1.6, reaching emission lines to a flux limit of > 5 E-18 ergs/cm^2/s (3 sigma). We determine redshifts by cross correlation of the target spectra with template spectra, followed by visual inspection. We measure star formation rates from the observed [OII] 3727, [OIII] 5007 and Halpha line fluxes. Follow-up observations with the Keck telescope of one of the survey fields confirms our classification and redshifts with sigma(z)~0.02. This is one of the deepest emission line surveys to date, covering a total area of 121 arcmin^2. The rough estimate of the co-moving number density of emission-line galaxies in our survey at 0.3 < z < 1.3 is ~4.5 E-3 h^{-3}_70 Mpc^{-3}. We reach deeper into the emission-line luminosity function than either the STIS or NICMOS grism parallel surveys, finding an apparent space density of emission line galaxies several times higher than those surveys. Because of the ACS high spatial resolution, our survey is very sensitive to faint, compact galaxies with strong emission lines and weak continua. The ACS grism survey provides the co-moving star formation density at z < 1.6 at a high level of completeness.
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We present the faintest spectroscopically confirmed sample of redshift four and five Lyman break galaxies to date. The sample is based on slitless grism spectra of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field region from the GRAPES (Grism ACS Program for Extragalactic Science) and PEARS (Probing Evolution and Reionization Spectroscopically) projects, using the G800L grism on the HST Advanced Camera for Surveys. We report here confirmations of 39 galaxies, pre-selected as candidate Lyman break galaxies using photometric selection criteria. We compare a "traditional" V-dropout selection to a more liberal one (with V-i > 0.9), and find that the traditional criteria are about 64% complete and 81% reliable. We also study the Lyman alpha emission properties of our sample. We find that Lyman alpha emission is detected in about 1/4 of the sample, and that our broad-band color selected sample includes 55% of previously published line-selected Lyman alpha sources. Finally, we examine our stacked 2D spectra. We demonstrate that strong, spatially extended (arcsecond scale) Lyman alpha emission is not a generic property of these Lyman break galaxies, but that a modest extension of the Lyman alpha photosphere (compared to the starlight) may be present in those galaxies with prominent Lyman alpha emission.
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Abstract The Faint Infrared Grism Survey (FIGS) is a deep Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) WFC3/IR (Wide Field Camera 3 Infrared) slitless spectroscopic survey of four deep fields. Two fields are located in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-North (GOODS-N) area and two fields are located in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-South (GOODS-S) area. One of the southern fields selected is the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. Each of these four fields were observed using the WFC3/G102 grism (0.8 μ m–1.15 μ m continuous coverage) with a total exposure time of 40 orbits (≈100 kilo-seconds) per field. This reaches a continuum depth of AB magnitudes and probes emission lines to . This paper details the four FIGS fields and the overall observational strategy of the project. A detailed description of the Simulation Based Extraction (SBE) method used to extract and combine over 10,000 spectra of over 2000 distinct sources brighter than mag is provided. High fidelity simulations of the observations is shown to significantly improve the background subtraction process, the spectral contamination estimates, and the final flux calibration. This allows for the combination of multiple spectra to produce a final high quality, deep, 1D spectra for each object in the survey.
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