Molecular identification and characterization of Rickettsia spp. and other tick-borne pathogens in cattle and their ticks from Huambo, Angola
Patrícia F. BarradasJoão R. MesquitaPaula FerreiraFátima GärtnerMadalena CarvalhoEsmeralda InácioEduardo ChivindaAntónio KatimbaIrina Amorim
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Keywords:
Amblyomma variegatum
Rhipicephalus
Theileria
Amblyomma
Anaplasmataceae
Amblyomma variegatum
Theileria parva
Rhipicephalus
Theileria
Amblyomma
Tick-borne disease
Rhipicephalus microplus
Babesia bovis
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The prevalence of bovine tick species in and around Asella town was studied over a period of eight months from October 2007 to May 2008. Adult ticks were collected from 384 local and crossbred cattle which were kept under extensive management system and at different agro-ecological zones. A total of 6298 adult ticks were collected from half body part of cattle, and were identified to genera and species level. Five tick species of four genera were identified, in which two species belong to genus Amblyomma, and one species each in the genus Boophilus, Rhipicephalus and Hyalomma. Of all the total ticks collected, Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus, Boophilus and Hyalomma constituted 60.1%, 22%, 15.4% and 2.5%, respectively. The tick species encountered were A. variegatum (48.2%), Rhipicephalus evertsi-evertsi (22%), Boophilus decolaratus (15.4%), A. cohaerence (11.9%) and Hyalomma marginatum rufipes (2.5%). The burden of ticks on cattle had statistically significant difference (P
Amblyomma variegatum
Hyalomma
Rhipicephalus
Amblyomma
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Dugbe orthonairovirus (DUGV), a tick-borne zoonotic arbovirus, was first isolated in 1964 in Nigeria. For over four decades, no active surveillance was conducted to monitor the spread and genetic variation of DUGV. This study detected and genetically characterized DUGV circulating in cattle and their infesting ticks (Amblyomma and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)) in Kwara State, North-Central Nigeria. Blood and or ticks were collected from 1051 cattle at 31 sampling sites (abattoirs and farms) across 10 local government areas of the State. DUGV detection was carried out by RT-qPCR, and positive samples sequenced and phylogenetically analysed. A total of 11824 ticks, mostly A. variegatum (36.0%) and R. (B.) microplus (63.9%), were obtained with mean tick burden of 12 ticks/cattle. Thirty-four (32 A. variegatum and two R. (B.) microplus) of 4644 examined ticks were DUGV-positive, whereas all of the cattle sera tested negative for DUGV genome. Whole genome sequence (S, M and L segments) and phylogenetic analyses indicate that the positive samples shared up to 99.88% nucleotide identity with and clustered around the Nigerian DUGV prototype strain IbAr 1792. Hence, DUGV with high similarity to the previously characterised strain has been detected in Nigeria. To our knowledge, this is the first report of DUGV in North-Central Nigeria and the most recent information after its last surveillance in 1974.
Amblyomma variegatum
Amblyomma
Rhipicephalus
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Rhipicephalus microplus
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Ixodid ticks were collected from domestic animals, mainly cattle, in 11 administrative zones covering 84 districts in central Ethiopia over a period of 2 years (July 1996 to June 1998). Nineteen tick species were identified. Four of these belonged to the genus Amblyomma, one to Boophilus, two to Haemaphysalis, three to Hyalomma and nine to Rhipicephalus. Amblyomma variegatum and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi were present in all 11 administrative zones and, with the exception of Afar, Boophilus decoloratus was present in nearly every district in which collections were made. These three species constituted more than 50% of all ticks collected. Amblyomma cohaerens and Rhipicephalus bergeoni were common in the west of the survey region and Rhipicephalus pulchellus in the east. Except for B. decoloratus, of which more females than males were collected, the numbers of male ticks recovered were equal to or exceeded those of females. Mortality in crossbred dairy cattle caused by heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium infection) was reported during the survey period. An integrated approach to tick control is suggested.
Amblyomma variegatum
Amblyomma
Rhipicephalus
Hyalomma
Haemaphysalis
Dermacentor
Tick-borne disease
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The purpose of this study was to determine the species spectrum of ticks infesting goats owned by resource-limited farmers in the state-owned communal land areas of Zimbabwe. Ticks were collected from goats at a single locality within each of 5 communal land areas, and a total of 14 ixodid tick species was recovered. The most numerous tick was Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, which was present in all areas at each sampling, and a Rhipicephalus sp. (near R. punctatus), which was most abundant on goats in the central regions of Zimbabwe during the March rainy season. Amblyomma hebraeum was present on goats in all areas sampled. In the eastern central region its distribution overlapped that of Amblyomma variegatum, while in the northwest it overlapped those of both Amblyomma marmoreum and A. variegatum. Hyalomma truncatum was present at all localities, whereas only a single Hyalomma rufipes was recovered. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus was collected from goats in the moist, slightly cooler regions, while the few Rhipicephalus zambeziensis recovered were present in the hotter, drier regions. Species recorded in lower numbers were Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus, Rhipicephalus lunulatus, Rhipicephalus simus, Rhipicephalus tricuspis and Rhipicephalus turanicus. Attachment in the inter-digital space of adult A. hebreaum and H. truncatum was sometimes associated with lameness.
Amblyomma variegatum
Rhipicephalus
Amblyomma
Communal land
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Background: Ticks and tick-borne diseases are a major issue. These recent years, tick-borne diseases have attracted much attention because of their increasing incidence and the significant damage that they cause to livestock and human health. The objective was to identify the different species of ticks found in cattle and to determine the prevalence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in these different areas. Methods: The study was conducted in five regions of Côte d'Ivoire belonging to different geographic areas. The ticks were collected from cattle. The identification of ticks was done with a binocular microscope using the identification keys. The detection of CCHFV was done by RT-PCR using specific primers and probes. Findings: Of the ticks sampled, 4088 (96.9%) were adults. Of the genera Amblyomma, Hyalomma, and Rhipicephalus. The genus Rhipicephalus had the highest number with 54.3% of the collected ticks embodied in five species. It is followed by the genus Amblyomma with 43.7% and represented by only one species. The genus Hyalomma represented by seven species was obtained in a low proportion of 2.1%. The predominant species identified was Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus with (48.7%), followed by the species Amblyomma variegatum (43.7%), and the other species <2%. In this study, CCHFV was detected in ticks belonging to the three genera identified. All-inclusive, 16 ticks (0.37%) out of 4219 collected from cattle tested positive for CCHFV. The species tested positive for CCHFV are A. variegatum, Hyalomma impressum, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) geigyi, R. (B.) microplus, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. All 16 ticks positive for CCHFV are adults and were obtained from the Korogho (11 ticks) and Bouaflé (5 ticks) regions. Conclusion: Three genera of ticks, Amblyomma, Hyalomma, and Rhipicephalus and 13 species infesting cattle were identified during this study. Eleven ticks were positive for CCHFV in Korhogo and five in Bouaflé. The genus mainly infested was A. Variegatum.
Amblyomma
Hyalomma
Amblyomma variegatum
Rhipicephalus
Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever
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This cross-sectional study was carried out in Raya Azebo district with the objective of determining the prevalence and species diversity of hard ticks encountered in camels. During the study period, a total of 384 camels were examined and 96.6% of them were found infested with ticks. A total of 15,723 ticks were collected from half body regions of infected camels during the study period. The average tick burden from half body region of camels was 42.4 ± 19.63. In this study four genera and ten species of hard ticks were identified. The genera identified were Amblyomma (11.11%), Boophilus (1.8%), Hyalomma (23.32%) and Rhipicephalus (61.77%). The tick species identified during the study period were Amblyomma variegatum, Boophilus decolaratus, Amblyomma cohaerence, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus pulchelis, Amblyomma gemma, Amblyomma lepidum, Hyalomma rufipes, Hyalomma dromedarii and Hyalomma truncatum at a prevalence of 22.9, 16.7, 23.2, 41.5, 92.7, 7.8, 3.4, 47.4, 42.7 and 8.9%, respectively. Further study and appropriate control measures are recommended to improve the health and productivity of camel. Key words: Amblyomma, Boophilus, camel, ectoparasite, Hyalomma, Raya Azebo, Rhipicephalus, tick.
Hyalomma
Amblyomma
Amblyomma variegatum
Rhipicephalus
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A survey was conducted using standard parasitological procedures to determine the ecology of ticks on the cattle within the main campus of the University of Abuja, Nigeria. The tick specie identified were Amblyomma variegatum, Amblyomma hebraeum, 0rnithodorus moubata complex, Hyalomma truncatum, Hyalomma rufipies, Rhipicephalus decoloratus, Phipicephalus appendiculatus, and Boophilus microplus. Of the 100 cattle examined. 47(47%) of the tick examined was found on the male cow and 53(53%) were found on the female cow. In addition, 23(23%) of the observed tick are found on the leg, 20(20%) are found in the anus, 20(20%) are found on the udder, 14(14%) are found on the back while 23(23%) of the ticks are found in the ear. 31(31%) of the observed ticks were found on the bunaj specie, 24(24%) of the ticks on the Gudali, 24(24%) of the observed ticks on the Rahaji specie and 21(21%) on the wadara specie. Amblyomma hebraeum, Ornithodorus moubata Complex and Rhipicephalus dicoloratus were found more dominantly on Bunaj breed (42.9%, 55.6% and 42.9% respectively), Amblyomma variegatum and Phipicephalus appendiculatus was observed to be more dominant on Rahaji breed (infesting 33.3% and 66.7% respectively), Boophylus microplus and Hyalomma rufipe were found dominant on wadara (30% and 50% respectively). There is need to help establish baseline information on ticks ecology and occurrence in the study area which would consequently lead to increased public awareness especially to the herdsmen and in avoiding tick borne diseases, also to help in vector control formulation and to prevent the herdsmen of suffering from low productivity due to the presence of ticks, thereby leading to various weaknesses, diseases and sometimes death of the cattle. Owing to this, this study did not only identify the tick species infesting cattle but also examined the host-parasite ecology of ticks on cattle within the main campus of the University of Abuja, Nigeria.
Amblyomma variegatum
Amblyomma
Rhipicephalus
Hyalomma
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Ticks have been known to cause severe economic losses due to cattle deaths, low milk production, poor beef quality and poor hide quality. To inform control strategies, it is necessary to carry out tick surveys to determine tick species present in Matabeleland as well as determine their distribution in the region. A total of 119 cattle were sampled from seven sites in Matabeleland communal and commercial areas, that is, Mangwe, Grills farm, Umguza, Beitbridge, Insiza, Gwanda and Nkayi. Phenotypic identification was done by microscopy and total DNA extraction was performed using the tick legs, which was then followed by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to determine genetic variation and DNA polymorphism within the tick population. Of the cattle sampled, 268 ticks were collected and 11 tick species were identified, that is, Amblyomma hebraeum 54%, Hyalomma truncatum 11%, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi 12%, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus 7.4%, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus 6%, Hyalomma rufipes 3.7%, Rhipicephalus zambeziensis 1.7%, Rhipicephalus sanguineus 1.1%, Rhipicephalus simus 1.1%, Rhipicephalus lunulatus 0.7% and Amblyomma variegatum 0.7 %. The occurrence of Amblyomma variegatum in this part of the country was a unique finding as the tick is known to be a northern tick and is a rare tick in the southern part of the country. Of the 11 tick species collected, only four tick species were used in the genetic characterization, that is, Hyalomma truncatum, Hyalomma rufipes, Amblyomma hebraeum and Rhipicephalus lunulatus. Primers OPY-3 and OPX-14 revealed genetic variation amongst the four species showing that RAPDs can be used for determining genetic diversity amongst tick population. This study forms a baseline in further studies on genetic characterization of ticks in Zimbabwe
Amblyomma variegatum
Amblyomma
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Rhipicephalus
Hyalomma
Rhipicephalus microplus
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Abstract In Uganda, the role of ticks in zoonotic disease transmission is not well described, partly, due to limited available information on tick diversity. This study aimed to identify the tick species that infest cattle. Between September and November 2017, ticks ( n = 4362) were collected from 5 districts across Uganda (Kasese, Hoima, Gulu, Soroti, and Moroto) and identified morphologically at Uganda Virus Research Institute. Morphological and genetic validation was performed in Germany on representative identified specimens and on all unidentified ticks. Ticks were belonging to 15 species: 8 Rhipicephalus species ( Rhipicephalus appendiculatus , Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi , Rhipicephalus microplus , Rhipicephalus decoloratus , Rhipicephalus afranicus , Rhipicephalus pulchellus , Rhipicephalus simus , and Rhipicephalus sanguineus tropical lineage); 5 Amblyomma species ( Amblyomma lepidum , Amblyomma variegatum , Amblyomma cohaerens , Amblyomma gemma , and Amblyomma paulopunctatum ); and 2 Hyalomma species ( Hyalomma rufipes and Hyalomma truncatum ). The most common species were R. appendiculatus (51.8%), A. lepidum (21.0%), A. variegatum (14.3%), R. evertsi evertsi (8.2%), and R. decoloratus (2.4%) . R. afranicus is a new species recently described in South Africa and we report its presence in Uganda for the first time. The sequences of R. afranicus were 2.4% divergent from those obtained in Southern Africa. We confirm the presence of the invasive R. microplus in two districts (Soroti and Gulu). Species diversity was highest in Moroto district ( p = 0.004) and geographical predominance by specific ticks was observed ( p = 0.001). The study expands the knowledge on tick fauna in Uganda and demonstrates that multiple tick species with potential to transmit several tick-borne diseases including zoonotic pathogens are infesting cattle.
Amblyomma variegatum
Amblyomma
Rhipicephalus
Rhipicephalus microplus
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Hyalomma
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Citations (36)