Environmental Problems of Phosphogypsum Utilization
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In recent years, solid waste of the production of mineral fertilizers, phosphogypsum, has been of great scientific and practical interest in construction. The results of scientific research and practical experience in many countries have convincingly proved the technical feasibility and feasibility of using phosphogypsum. The problems of reducing impurities of phosphorus and fluorine in the manufacture of building materials from phosphogypsum are considered. Comparative experimental studies of the presence of phosphorus impurities for the initial phosphogypsum of the Dnieper Mineral Fertilizer Plant, calcined phosphogypsum and mixtures of phosphogypsum were carried out. Comparative indicators of the presence of radioactive elements in phosphogypsum are given. It is shown that there are methods for reducing heavy metals in phosphogypsum.Keywords:
Phosphogypsum
The characteristic of phosphogypsum and all kinds of impurities in it together with corresponding pretreatment ways were illustrated.Comprehensive utilization about phosphogypsum was shown in this paper.And some problems in recycling of phosphogypsum were discussed and the corresponding efficient methods were given to solve these problems.
Phosphogypsum
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The main environmental problems resulted from phosphogypsum are analyzed.The components of phosphogypsum and natural gypsum in Luliang are compared.The method of removing the crystal water from phosphogypsum is introduced.The impacts on portland cement by phosphogypsum without crystal water is tested.The results show that the phosphogypsum after neutralization and calcination can be made of all kinds of gypsum products which will be a potential industry later.
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A new process (patent applied) that works equally well with both plaster of mineral gypsum and phosphogypsum for the preparation of gypsum components, UCOS, has been developed. The process consists of the following steps: humidification of plaster by fine water droplets, uni‐axial compression, hydration reaction and drying. Strong hydrogen bonds develop among the crystals together with adhesion provided by confined water that accounts for nearly 70% of the adhesion forces. By reducing the plaster to water ratio to close the minimum necessary, new features are generated. An experimental house has been constructed, in which walls and ceilings have been built of gypsum and phosphogypsum. Since phosphogypsum potentially contain radioactive elements, the application of an activity concentration index to the phosphogypsum employed in the building was carried out.
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在用有玉米秆的猪粪肥的一个强迫的通风系统的 composting 的一个实验室规模实验被执行调查 phosphogypsum 和 dicyandiamide 的效果(DCD， C2H4N4 ) 作为气体的排出物和堆肥质量上的添加剂。除控制以外，有有添加剂的不同数量的三个修改处理。结果显示以 10% 混合的率的 phosphogypsum 增加弄干重量减少的 NH3 和 CH4 排出物显著地在 composting 期间。以 0.2% 混合的率的 DCD 的增加和 10% phosphogypsum 的干燥重量进一步由影响氮的硝化作用过程减少了 N2O 排放。中等面对 0.2% DCD 把 phosphogypsum 增加归结为 5% 增加了 NH3 排出物然而并非 N2O 排放。添加剂在最后的堆肥显著地增加了铵内容和电的电导率。有机物降级或堆肥的萌芽索引上的不利效果都没在修改处理被发现。phosphogypsum 和 DCD 能为减少 NH3， CH4 和 N2O 排出物的目的在 composting 被使用，这被推荐。DCD 添加剂的最佳的条件和剂量应该在进一步的学习与不同材料和 composting 系统在 composting 期间被决定。
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Phosphogypsum is a by-product of the wet process production of phosphoric acid,containing fluorine,phosphorus,organic compound,eutectic phosphorus and other impurities,which deteriorate the efficiency of Phosphogypsum and has serious effect on the utilization of phosphogypsum [1]. Different methods and processes of treating the harmful impurities in phosphogypsum were explored and a rational technological way of treating these harmful things was found out.
Phosphogypsum
Phosphoric acid
Phosphorite
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With the rapid development of phosphate fertilizer industry,its by-product—phosphogypsum has become the difficult problem of the environment protection on the development of phosphate fertilizer.This article describes the origin of the phosphogypsum and its characteristics,and introduces the present situation and the existent advantages and disadvantages of phosphogypsum from a wider range fields of applying phosphogypsum and the hot fields of developing,utilizing and studying phosphorous.
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Phosphate fertilizer
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In recent years, solid waste of the production of mineral fertilizers, phosphogypsum, has been of great scientific and practical interest in construction. The results of scientific research and practical experience in many countries have convincingly proved the technical feasibility and feasibility of using phosphogypsum. The problems of reducing impurities of phosphorus and fluorine in the manufacture of building materials from phosphogypsum are considered. Comparative experimental studies of the presence of phosphorus impurities for the initial phosphogypsum of the Dnieper Mineral Fertilizer Plant, calcined phosphogypsum and mixtures of phosphogypsum were carried out. Comparative indicators of the presence of radioactive elements in phosphogypsum are given. It is shown that there are methods for reducing heavy metals in phosphogypsum.
Phosphogypsum
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Inovamat Ltda. R. Alberto Lanzone, 731 – 13566-590 Sao Carlos, SP Abstract. A new process (patent applied) that works equally well with both plaster of mineral gypsum and phosphogypsum for the preparation of gypsum components, UCOS, has been developed. The process consists of the following steps: humidification of plaster by fine water droplets, uni-axial compression, hydration reaction and drying. Strong hydrogen bonds develop among the crystals together with adhesion provided by confined water that accounts for nearly 70% of the adhesion forces. By reducing the plaster to water ratio to close the minimum necessary, new features are generated. An experimental house has been constructed, in which walls and ceilings have been built of gypsum and phosphogypsum. Since phosphogypsum potentially contain radioactive elements, the application of an activity concentration index to the phosphogypsum employed in the building was carried out. Keywords: Phosphogypsum, Building Materials, Activity Concentration Index. PACS: 89.20.-a
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The comprehensive utilization of wet-process phosphoric acid by-product has the great significance for environmental protection and circulation resource adoption.The soluble impurities such as P2O5,fluorine and organic matter in the phosphogypsum are main affecting factors for phosphogypsum using.Some methods about phosphogypsum pretreatment in China and abroad are introduced.
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Phosphoric acid
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