Prevalence of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis in the Kyrgyz Republic
Маматов Сагынали МурзаевичFarida ImanalievaChyngyzbek UuluTugolbai TagaevYethindra VityalaMira ArstanbekovnaСагынали Маматов
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Objectives: To study the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis (OP) among residents of the Kyrgyz Republic in 3 different age categories (18-39 years, 40-59 years, and 60-79 years), Give a comparative assessment of the prevalence of osteopenia and OP depending on gender and Based on the results, make proposals for the identification and diagnosis of osteopenia and OP in the Kyrgyz Republic. Materials and Methods: An Ultrasound bone densitometry (USBD) studied the Bone mineral density (BMD) in a total of 1200 people with 691 women and 509 men of 3 different age categories (18-39 years, 40-59 years, 60-79 years). Results: In the first group from 18-39 years, normal values found in 55.6% of people, osteopenia in 38.9% of people and OP in 5.5% of people. In the second group, from 40-59 years old, normal values found in 30.9% people, osteopenia in 60.2% people and OP in 8.9% people. Moreover, in the third group, from 60- 79 years, normal values were found in 9.5%, osteopenia is seen in 50.2% and OP in 40.3% of older people. Conclusion: Osteopenia and OP are quite common not only in the older age but even affect people of a younger age. The frequency of detection of osteopenia and OP is the highest recorded in older age groups. Women mostly exposed to OP that has pronounced degrees of BMD affection.Keywords:
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Background and Objective: An early detection of osteoporosis through DEXA procedure will not only improve the disease management practices but also would help in impeding national productivity losses by mass screening and awareness. Our objective was to measure efficacy of DEXA procedure in early detection of osteoporosis and prevention of its complications.Methods: This case series observational study was designed to confirm the bone mineral density by dual energy x-ray absorptiometery (DEXA). The duration of study was three years from November 2010 to October 2013. Subjects aged between 30 (when the risk of osteoporosis is low) to 60 (when osteoporosis is almost sure to be found).Results: Three hundred thirty patients were evaluated. There were 23 (6.96%) male and 307 (93.03%) female. Normal male were 09 (39.10%), osteopenia 11 (47.80%) and osteoporosis 3 (13%). Normal females were 72 (23.50%), osteopenia 140 (45.60%) and osteoporosis 95 (30.90%). P-value was more then 0.005 and not significant. Mean age was 48.73, minimum 30, maximum 60 and SD 7.247. Population category distribution was 243(76.6%) from urban and 87(26.4%) rural. In urban areas normal were 56(23%), osteopenia 113(46.50%) and osteoporosis 74(30.50%). In rural areas normal 25(28.70%), osteopenia 38(43.70%) and osteoporosis 24(27.60%). P-value was 0.567. Out of 330 there were 81(24.54%) normal, 98 ((29.69%) osteoporosis and 151 (45.75%) osteopenia.Conclusion: Osteopenia was the most common diagnosis mostly in younger age group and early diagnosis of this problem can help prevent osteoporosis.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12669/pjms.306.5566How to cite this:Makhdoom A, Rahopoto MQ, Siddiqui KA, Qureshi GA. Detection of osteoporosis by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Pak J Med Sci 2014;30(6):1265-1269. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12669/pjms.306.5566This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Patients are often referred to osteoporosis clinics with a radiological diagnosis of osteoporosis. Previous studies attempting to ascertain risk of osteoporosis from radiographs have been conflicting. The aim of our study was to determine how reliable spinal radiographs were at detecting low bone density compared with Dual Energy X ray Absorptiometry (DXA). We retrospectively measured the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) at the spine in 130 patients with a radiological diagnosis of osteopenia or osteoporosis in the absence of vertebral fractures. They were compared with a group of 119 age and sex matched patients with one or more low trauma vertebral fractures. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean BMD between these two groups. 12.7%, of the x-ray group with osteopenia reported, had a normal bone density, 49.2% had osteopenia (T-score -1 to -2.5) and 38.1% had osteoporosis (T-score <-2.5). Of those with a radiological report of osteoporosis, 12.8% had a normal bone density, 44.7% had osteopenia and 42.6% had osteoporosis. We conclude that a radiological report of low bone density is a strong predictor of osteopenia or osteoporosis by BMD measurement.
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This chapter describes key factors specific to asthmatic patients that directly or indirectly affect bone health. The well-established association of corticosteroid therapy with osteoporosis is discussed, as are less commonly known and emerging osteoporosis risk factors pertinent to asthmatic patients. Additionally, osteoporosis management and therapy are reviewed, with a discussion of the role of the asthma specialist in preventing, screening, and treating osteoporosis and osteopenia.
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This report provides general information about osteoporosis and describes the use of bone densitometry as a tool to screen for, diagnose and manage osteoporosis in white postmenopausal women. Discussion is limited to white women because of lack of research on osteoporosis in men, and in women of different racial and ethnic groups. The report does not evaluate the safety and efficacy of all bone densitometry devices, but focuses on the two diffusing most rapidly in Minnesota--dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Osteoporosis is a degenerative bone disease that affects approximately 24 million Americans. Of that number 33 percent are post-menopausal women who have decreased bone density due to lowered estrogen levels. Because the estimated cost of osteoporosis-related fractures in the United States is between $8 and $10 billion each year, there is great interest in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of the disease. Of all related fractures, hip fractures pose the most serious health problem. The incidence of this fracture appears to be increasing, with 250,000 to 300,000 occurring each year Treatment options are limited, if a person's bone mass or density has deteriorated to the point where fractures may occur. Preventive measures should therefore be undertaken by all women early in life to decrease their risk of osteoporosis. Based on available evidence, the HTAC concludes that state-of-the-art bone densitometry is safe and indicated as a diagnostic and treatment aid for postmenopausal women at risk for the disease. However, bone densitometry is not indicated as a broad screening tool for all postmenopausal women, regardless of whether they are at risk for the disease.
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Introduction: Osteoporosis is a progressive metabolic bone disease characterized by reduction of mineral density of bone, which leads to reduction of bone firmness, increased fragility and increased risk of bonefractures. The aims of this study were to determine the age structure and average values of BMI in female patients with a diagnosis of osteoporosis and osteopenia, to determine the value of T-score before and aftertherapy, and to show a correlation of frequency of fractures in relation to already given diagnosed and the presence of menopause.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 50 female respondents with diagnosis of osteoporosis and osteopenia. Included female respondents underwent densitometry or ultrasound screening method ofheels in which high degree of osteopenia and osteoporosis is detected.Results: The average age of the female respondents included in this study was 48.06 ± 11.97 years and all the respondents were in the category of women with normal body weight. There is a difference in the values of T-score of respondents with osteoporosis compared to osteopenia. Value of T-score decreases in relation to increase of number of years, so the older female respondents had lower values of T-score.Conclusion: The incidence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was higher among active working female respondents in menopause. Respondents with osteoporosis had lower values of T-score, physical and medicamenttherapy in combination led to improvement of T-score. Female respondents with a low value of T-score, with diagnosis of osteoporosis and in menopause, mostly had bone fractures.
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Under the current diagnostic criteria for primary osteoporosis, patients are diagnosed as having osteopenia if their bone density is between 70 and 80% of the average bone density of young adult women. Osteopenia is essentially a precursor for osteoporosis, and because prevention is the basis of osteoporosis treatment, halting the progression of osteopenia into osteoporosis is very important. In other words, the risk factors associated with osteoporosis in each patient must be assessed, and if rapid bone mass loss is expected or confirmed, drug therapy should then be actively administered.
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