Triggering the aqueous interparticle association of γ‒Al2O3 hierarchical assemblies using divalent cations and cellulose nanofibers
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In nature, cellulose nanofibers form hierarchical structures across multiple length scales to achieve high-performance properties and different functionalities. Cellulose nanofibers, which are separated from plants or synthesized biologically, are being extensively investigated and processed into different materials owing to their good properties. The alignment of cellulose nanofibers is reported to significantly influence the performance of cellulose nanofiber-based materials. The alignment of cellulose nanofibers can bridge the nanoscale and macroscale, bringing enhanced nanoscale properties to high-performance macroscale materials. However, compared with extensive reviews on the alignment of cellulose nanocrystals, reviews focusing on cellulose nanofibers are seldom reported, possibly because of the challenge of aligning cellulose nanofibers. In this review, the alignment of cellulose nanofibers, including cellulose nanofibrils and bacterial cellulose, is extensively discussed from different aspects of the driving force, evaluation, strategies, properties, and applications. Future perspectives on challenges and opportunities in cellulose nanofiber alignment are also briefly highlighted.
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Electro-spinning of nanofibers can be applied to fabricate artificial scaffolds for tissue engineering. The uniformity of nanofibers distribution in each scaffold mat role plays critically in tissue engineering. Many attempts have been made to improve uniformity of nanofibers scaffolds but none of them could produce uniform distribution of nanofibers in scaffolds, completely. The aim of present research is to produce scaffolds with uniformly distributed nanofibers by using a rotating collector in electro-spinning setup. A novel collector was developed to produce nanofibers in uniform distribution by controlling the collector parameters. The distribution of the nanofibers was precisely controlled by adjusting the velocity of collector rotation and the diameter of collector. Experiments were carried out to investigate capability of presented method in adjusting the formation of distribution for Polycaprolactan (PCL) nanofibers. Significant improvement of the uniformity of the fiber distribution was observed by the image processing method of nanofibers SEM images. Keywords: Collector, electro-spinning, nanofibers, uniformity.
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This book is a supplement of the previous book Nanofibers: Production, Properties and Functional Applications (published by InTech in 2011). It reports on novel methods of fabricating nanofibers, nanofiber yarns, and collagen nanofibers; functionalities of photochromic nanofibers, bead-on-string nanofibers, and bio-regeneration nanofibers; as well as piezoelectric nanoparticle-reinforced nanofibers. I deeply appreciate the authors' great contributions to nanofiber discipline.
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Nanofibers that develop by using electrospinning technique are a common study field nowadays.There are few advantages of using this technique in producing nanofibers such as in drug delivery and controlled released system, pharmaceuticals products,biotechnological purposes and etc. By using this technique in producing nanofibers, ethanol was chosen to be the solvent instead of water in producing nanofibers.The type of solvent and polymer are believe affecting the morphological structure of the nanofibers and thus the drug delivery system.The configuration of the electrospinning was kept constant in every test run and only the solvent concentration and molecular weight of the polymer were manipulated.This is to check in what conditions will the nanofibers having the best morphology,tensile strength and distribution of fibers.Ethanol is very suitable in producing good nanofibers.However the percentage concentration of ethanol should be check in order to avoid the protein embedded in the nanofibers denature.Stable protein is selected to be used in the nanofibers in avoiding deformation of drugs if to be used commercially.
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This chapter contains sections titled: Parameters Controlling Nanofiber Formation Short Account on Methods of Analysis for the Structure of Electrospun Nanofibers Control of Nanofiber Diameters Shape of the Fibers Nanofiber Topologies, Porous Fibers Nanofiber Trajectories in the Deposition Plane Internal Morphology of Electrospun Nanofibers Mechanical Properties of Single Nanofibers Nanofiber Properties – Important Facts to Remember References
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This chapter contains sections titled: 4.4 Esterification of Cellulose 4.4.1 Esters of cellulose with inorganic acids 4.4.1.1 Cellulose nitrate 4.4.1.2 Cellulose nitrite 4.4.1.3 Cellulose sulfates 4.4.1.4 Cellulose phosphate and other phosphorus-containing cellulose derivatives 4.4.1.5 Cellulose borates 4.4.1.6 Desoxycelluloses
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Abstract This study shows that electrospinning nanofibers onto single microfibers allows for careful tailoring of material properties that may suit a wide variety of applications. The nanofiber‐coated microfibers are created by electrospinning nanofibers alongside a microfiber toward a collector that rotates around the microfiber. This force the nanofibers to be collected around the microfiber, creating a hierarchical structure that can be modified at nano scale. In this study, control of nanofiber diameters, nanofiber alignment, and nanofiber loading was evaluated. It was seen that varying polymer concentration affected the nanofiber diameters, collecting the nanofiber‐coated microfibers at different speeds changed the degree of alignment of the nanofibers and that changing the polymer feeding rate affected the loading density of the nanofibers collected. The carefully designed nanofiber‐coated microfibers have great potential in creation of highly porous materials with tailored properties down to nano scale. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
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