Sedimentary fades and radiocarbon ages of the alluvial-fan toes at the eastern foot of the Yoro Mountain
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Alluvial fan
Foot (prosody)
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北海道北部の下川町上名寄に分布する中部~上部中新統パンケ層から33分類群より構成される大型植物化石群(上名寄植物群)を得た.パンケ層の堆積相解析と植物化石の組成,産状を基に上名寄植物群の示す古植生を復元した.上名寄植物群の示す古植生は,カツラ属やAcer subcarpinifolium(カエデ属),トウヒ属が優占する河畔植生,トクサ属やタケ亜科単子葉類,トウヒ属,ヤナギ属が優占する後背湿地植生,カツラ属やヤナギ属,フジキ属が優占する湖岸植生,湖周辺ではあるがブナ属優占の山地斜面のブナ林が強調された植生の4タイプの植生を認めた.上名寄植物群の組成的特徴は後期中新世~鮮新世前期の三徳型植物群と言える.堆積相と化石の産状から,上名寄植物群の主要構成種は,それらの近似現生種と同じ生育環境と考えられる.したがって,生態的に現在の植生に対比可能な群集が少なくとも北海道においては,中期中新世後期~後期中新世に成立していたことを示している.
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Plio-Pleistocene
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Assemblage (archaeology)
Lithic technology
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Abstract The Fenland basin is filled with unconsolidated Holocene marine and freshwater deposits. Stratigraphic studies of the basin date back to 1877. This paper reviews the various lithostratigraphic schemes which have been proposed. Particular attention is paid to the presently accepted lithostratigraphy. Examples and a case study of a newly surveyed area are used to highlight its failings. Many of the difficulties experienced in Fenland are common to problems of lithostratigraphic classification in coastal lowland environments, as is demonstrated by reference to recent debate in the southeastern North Sea. In Fenland, as a result of the shortcomings of the various schemes, it is proposed that a new lithostratigraphy with formal stratotypes is devised. Suggestions are made as to the form this new stratigraphy could take. In the meantime, an informal lithostratigraphy should be adopted which has no regional or chronostratigraphic connotations.
Lithostratigraphy
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Archaeomagnetic dating
Geomagnetic secular variation
Baltic sea
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ABSTRACT The Foresta ichnosite is well known for preserving some of the oldest human fossil footprints recorded in Europe so far. This research aims to: i) describe new footprints that are larger than those already reported, some of which form a new trackway that moves in the opposite direction to all the others; ii) announce the discovery of some stone tools also in the surroundings of the Foresta ichnosite. The new results increase the total number of human fossil footprints to at least 81, specify the direction and the number of footprints of Trackway C, and identify three new directions of walking at the site. More compelling and complete estimates of the dimensional range of all ichnological evidence enables us, furthermore, to estimate the number of trackmakers walking on the trampled surface as a minimum of five, one of them likely being an adult male. The general shape of all the recorded footprints suggests that the Foresta trackmakers share some similarities with those at Sima de los Huesos, and belong to the same taxonomical group as the Ceprano skull. All the new evidence enables us to better understand the presence of hominin populations in the Roccamonfina volcano area during the Middle Pleistocene. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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The Tiber valley is a prominent feature in the landscape of ancient Rome and an important element for understanding its urban development. However, little is known about the city’s original setting. Our research provides new data on the Holocene sedimentary history and human-environment interactions in the Forum Boarium, the location of the earliest harbor of the city. Since the Last Glacial Maximum, when the fluvial valley was incised to a depth of tens of meters below the present sea level, 14C and ceramic ages coupled with paleomagnetic analysis show the occurrence of three distinct aggradational phases until the establishment of a relatively stable alluvial plain at 6–8 m a.s.l. during the late 3rd century BCE. Moreover, we report evidence of a sudden and anomalous increase in sedimentation rate around 2600 yr BP, leading to the deposition of a 4-6m thick package of alluvial deposits in approximately one century. We discuss this datum in the light of possible tectonic activity along a morpho-structural lineament, revealed by the digital elevation model of this area, crossing the Forum Boarium and aligned with the Tiber Island. We formulate the hypothesis that fault displacement along this structural lineament may be responsible for the sudden collapse of the investigated area, which provided new space for the observed unusually large accumulation of sediments. We also posit that, as a consequence of the diversion of the Tiber course and the loss in capacity of transport by the river, this faulting activity triggered the origin of the Tiber Island.
Aggradation
Alluvial fan
Alluvial plain
Lineament
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Cosmogenic nuclide
River terraces
Surface exposure dating
Terrace (agriculture)
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Geopark
Rockslide
Thermoluminescence dating
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