The New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): A Comprehensive Review on Immunity and the Application of Bioinformatics and Molecular Modeling to the Discovery of Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents
Gustavo Roberto Villas BoasVanessa Cristina ResciaMarina Meirelles PaesStefânia Neiva LavoratoManoel F. de Magalhães-FilhoMila Silva CunhaRafael da Conceição SimõesRoseli Boerngen de LacerdaRenilson S. de Freitas-JúniorBruno H. da S. RamosAna Maria MapeliMatheus da S. T. HenriquesWilliam Rodrigues de FreitasLuiz Augusto Freire LopesLuiz Gustavo Rodrigues OliveiraJonatas Gomes da SilvaSaulo Euclides Silva-FilhoAna Paula Stefanello da SilveiraKatyúscya Veloso LeãoMaria M. de S. MatosJamille Souza FernandesRoberto Kenji Nakamura CumanFrancielli Maria de Souza Silva-ComarJurandir Fernando ComarLuana do Amaral BrasileiroJussileide N. dos SantosSilvia Aparecida Oesterreich
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Abstract:
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the outbreak caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) a pandemic. The rapid spread of the disease surprised the scientific and medical community. Based on the latest reports, news, and scientific articles published, there is no doubt that the coronavirus has overloaded health systems globally. Practical actions against the recent emergence and rapid expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 require the development and use of tools for discovering new molecular anti-SARS-CoV-2 targets. Thus, this review presents bioinformatics and molecular modeling strategies that aim to assist in the discovery of potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Besides, we reviewed the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and innate immunity, since understanding the structures involved in this infection can contribute to the development of new therapeutic targets. Bioinformatics is a technology that assists researchers in coping with diseases by investigating genetic sequencing and seeking structural models of potential molecular targets present in SARS-CoV2. The details provided in this review provide future points of consideration in the field of virology and medical sciences that will contribute to clarifying potential therapeutic targets for anti-SARS-CoV-2 and for understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis and virulence of SARS-CoV-2.Keywords:
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Credible information on the 2019 Novel Coronavirus outbreak as well as background information about infectious diseases, epidemics, and pandemics. A work in progress that will be updated as more information on the coronavirus is shared by agencies working on containment, prevention, and treatment.
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У статті розглянуто структурно-композиційні особливості дискурсивного розгортання наративу “Coronavirus Pandemic” в електронному новинному дискурсі. Новинний дискурс, будучи здатним формувати сучасну інформаційну картину світу та образ подій, має потужний потенціал впливу на масову аудиторію через конструйовані ним наративи. Наратив трактується як історія з її тематичною єдністю, дійовими особами, тимчасовими й просторовими межами, канвою певних подій. Об’єктом дослідження послугував наратив “Coronavirus Pandemic” у формі його дискурсивного розгортання на порталі BBC News, а предметом – його архітектоніка. Новинний наратив у контексті електронного формату оприлюднення новин визначається як структурований та систематизований гіпертекст-розгортання певної історії про дії суб’єктів у їх причинно-наслідковій послідовності, що визначена наратором як актуальна для аудиторії, відкрита для її множинних інтерпретацій та резонує з її основними цінностями. Окреслено структуру та композиційні характеристики побудови наративу пандемії коронавірусу з огляду на наукові категорії сучасної наратології, а саме суперструктурну схему дискурсу новин, спосіб організації новинної інформації, точку фокалізації, комунікативність. Проведений наративний аналіз дискурсу новин “Coronavirus Pandemic” на матеріалі статей у відповідній рубриці на інформаційному порталі BBC News уможливив з’ясування панівного принципу організації інформації як мережевого. Проаналізовано відповідність наративу встановленим стандартам комунікативності як можливості для читацької аудиторії реагувати на новинні повідомлення порталу через аккаунт BBC News у різних соціальних мережах та гіпертекстуальності як інструменту поширення, популяризації досліджуваного наративу. Встановлено такі композиційні компоненти цього наративу за суперструктурною схемою дискурсу новин, запропонованою Т.А. ван Дейком, як «короткий зміст», «головна подія», «фон», «вербальні реакції». Доведено більшу ефективність змішаного типу точки фокалізації досліджуваного наративу як ставлення наратора до оповіданого порівняно з внутрішнім та зовнішнім типами.
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