Type 2‐low asthma phenotypes by integration of sputum transcriptomics and serum proteomics
Nazanin Zounemat KermaniMansoor SaqiPaul‐Michael AgapowStelios PavlidisChih‐Hsi S. KuoKai Sen TanSharon MumbyKai SunMatthew J. LozaFrédéric BaribaudAna R. SousaJohn RileyÅsa M. WheelockCraig E. WheelockBertrand De MeulderJim SchofieldStephany Sánchez‐OvandoJodie L. SimpsonKatherine J. BainesPeter WarkCharles AuffraySven‐Erik DahlénPeter J. SterkRatko DjukanovićIan M. AdcockYike GuoKian Fan Chung
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Ratko Djukanović has consulted and presented at symposia organised by TEVA, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca and has shares in and consults for Synairgen; Dr Asa Wheelock report remuneration from AstraZenica and Harvard Medical School for speaking engagements on SNF-clustering in COPD.; Charles Auffray reports grants from Innovative Medicine Initiative; Kian Fan Chung has received honoraria for participating in Advisory Board meetings of the pharmaceutical industry regarding treatments for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and has also been remunerated for speaking engagements; Ian Adcock has received grants from Advisory Board meetings with pharmaceutical companies GSK, A-Z, Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim and Vectura, and grants on asthma and COPD from Pfizer, GSK, MRC, EU, BI and IMI; Peter Sterk reports grants from IMI Innovative Medicines Initiative, during the conduct of the study; Matthew Loza and Frederic Baribaud are Employees and Shareholders of Janssen Research and Development, a Johnson and Johnson company; John Riley and Ana R Sousa are employees of GSK; the rest of the authors have nothing to disclose. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.Cite
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Abstract Large shareholders may play an important role for firm performance and policies, but identifying this empirically presents a challenge due to the endogeneity of ownership structures. We develop and test an empirical framework that allows us to separate selection from treatment effects of large shareholders. Individual blockholders tend to hold blocks in public firms located close to where they reside. Using this empirical observation, we develop an instrument (the density of wealthy individuals near a firm’s headquarters) for the presence of large, nonmanagerial individual shareholders in firms. These shareholders have a large impact on firms, controlling for selection effects.
Endogeneity
Empirical Research
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Asthma is a chronic inflammation disease in airways which is emit bronchus hyperactivity. Asthma is a worldwide trouble that influence at least 1-18% population in the entire world. Exercises is a non-pharmacological therapy which is can be applied for asthma case. Exercise that is applied on this research is asthma gymnastic and breathing exercise. The purpose from this research is to get the effect of asthma gymnastic and breathing exercise on asthma status for asthma survivor.The research method use eksperiment in madupahat community in Semarang city with involve 19 persons, sample was taken with purposive sampling. The result of this research shows there is improvement in control status and the spirometri was increase in asthma survivors. The conclution in his research is asthma gymnastic and breathing exercise effective to control asthma status in asthma survivor.
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Abstract Using a novel European data set, we investigate the role of controlling shareholders in delisting decisions. Minority shareholders earn lower abnormal returns when the controlling shareholder takes the company private, but this lower premium disappears when we control for the firm's characteristics. After the delisting, firms delisted by their controlling shareholders do not improve their operating performance. These results do not suggest that controlling shareholders expropriate minority investors with minority freeze‐outs. Our findings are not due to heterogeneity across controlling shareholders. In fact, when we focus on family controlling shareholders, we find no evidence of performance improvement after the delisting.
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Objective . The aim was to investigate adherence to asthma medication treatment, medication beliefs, and asthma control in relation to asthma follow-up consultations in asthmatics in the general population. A further aim was to describe associations between adherence, medication beliefs, and asthma control. Method . In the population-based West Sweden Asthma Study, data allowing calculation of adherence for 4.5 years based on pharmacy records were obtained from 165 adult asthmatics. Additional data were collected through questionnaires and structured interviews. Results . The mean adherence value for filled prescriptions for regular asthma medication was 68% (median 55.3%) but varied over the year under study. Adherence to combination inhalers with corticosteroids and long-acting beta 2 agonists was higher than adherence to single inhalers with corticosteroids only. More than one-third of participants reported not having seen an asthma nurse or physician for several years. Regular asthma follow-up consultations were associated with both higher adherence and the belief that asthma medication was necessary but were not associated with asthma control. Conclusions . Adherence to asthma medication treatment was low and varied over the year under study. The current study suggests that quality improvements in asthma care are needed if adherence to asthma medication is to be improved.
Asthma medication
Medication Adherence
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This paper examines 781 proposals sponsored by minority shareholders of Chinese listed companies since the Company Law was revised in 2005, which made proposals more accessible to smaller shareholders. I find that the shareholder structure is essential for minority shareholders to target a company. When the controlling ownership is smaller and minority ownership is relatively larger, a company is more likely to be targeted by minority shareholders’ proposals (MSPs). There is also evidence that minority shareholders target poor performers, but that only happens when the shareholder structure is optimal for minority shareholders to initiate activism. Power, in the form of ownership and identity, dominates the probability of activism behavior. The passage of MSPs heavily depends on whether the proposal is friendly to the management, the identity of the sponsor, and the issues involved. Being targeted by MSPs are often followed by forced top management turnover, but there are no performance improvements in the medium term. Minority shareholders’ activism is more of a game of power.
Shareholder resolution
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Shareholders' agreements are essential tools for ensuring that relationships in closely held companies are conducted on appropriate terms, while also providing protection for shareholders. Failing to enter into a shareholders' agreement appropriate for the nature of a given company can result in serious problems down the track, including unwanted new shareholders becoming involved against the wishes of existing shareholders, an inequitable bearing of ongoing funding requirements and loss of rights available to minority shareholders.
Shareholder resolution
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Бұл зерттеужұмысындaКaно моделітурaлы жәнеоғaн қaтыстытолықмәліметберілгенжәнеуниверситетстуденттерінебaғыттaлғaн қолдaнбaлы (кейстік)зерттеужүргізілген.АхметЯссaуи университетініңстуденттеріүшін Кaно моделіқолдaнылғaн, олaрдың жоғaры білімберусaпaсынa қоятынмaңыздытaлaптaры, яғнисaпaлық қaжеттіліктері,олaрдың мaңыздылығытурaлы жәнесaпaлық қaжеттіліктерінеқaтыстыөз университетінқaлaй бaғaлaйтындығытурaлы сұрaқтaр қойылғaн. Осы зерттеудіңмaқсaты АхметЯсaуи университетіндетуризмменеджментіжәнеқaржы бaкaлaвриaт бaғдaрлaмaлaрыныңсaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңқaжеттіліктерінaнықтaу, студенттердіңқaнaғaттaну, қaнaғaттaнбaу дәрежелерінбелгілеу,білімберусaпaсын aнықтaу мен жетілдіружолдaрын тaлдaу болыптaбылaды. Осы мaқсaтқaжетуүшін, ең aлдыменКaно сaуaлнaмaсы түзіліп,116 студенткеқолдaнылдыжәнебілімберугежәнеоның сaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңтaлaптaры мен қaжеттіліктерітоптықжұмыстaрaрқылыaнықтaлды. Екіншіден,бұл aнықтaлғaн тaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктерКaно бaғaлaу кестесіменжіктелді.Осылaйшa, сaпa тaлaптaры төрт сaнaтқa бөлінді:болуытиіс, бір өлшемді,тaртымдыжәнебейтaрaп.Соңындa,қaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaудың мәндеріесептелдіжәнестуденттердіңқaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaу деңгейлерінжоғaрылaту мен төмендетудеосытaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктердіңрөліaйқын aнықтaлды.Түйінсөздер:сaпa, сaпaлық қaжеттіліктер,білімберусaпaсы, Кaно моделі.
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Asthma occurs worldwide as a chronic disease of the lungs in children and in adult. Recently there were some reports on the increasing prevalence of asthma in children from western countries and from other areas of the world. There are numerous different triggers of asthma such as allergens, dust, gases, cold air, infections and malformations of the bronchial system. The release of preformed and new generated mediators is the cause of chronic inflammation in the lungs. The basic defect causing bronchial hyperreagibility of the lungs is still unknown. The therapy of asthma is a longtime treatment, the composition depends of the type and the severety of the asthma to be treated. In addition to the drug therapy, physiotherapy, asthmasports and appropriate climatic conditions are essential tools for the treatment of asthma. The aim of the therapy is a symptom free patient. The prognosis of children suffering from asthma is good.
Pharmacotherapy
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