Clinical evaluation of cefotiam in the treatment of bacteremia caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, and Proteus mirabilis: A retrospective study
5
Citation
20
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Keywords:
Cefotiam
Cefazolin
Cefmetazole
Bacteremia
Hypoalbuminemia
Cefotiam
Cefazolin
Klebsiella pneumonia
Cite
Citations (5)
12694668 Clinical reports and animal models have demonstrated that cefazolin may have decreased efficacy against some strains of Staphylococcus aureus because of type A beta-lactamase-mediated hydrolysis. We sought to measure biologically active cefazolin concentrations within abscesses with high concentrations of S. aureus and compare the concentrations with those of cefmetazole, a beta-lactamase-stable cephamycin. A type A beta-lactamase-producing strain of S. aureus with a demonstrated inoculum effect against cefazolin (MIC at an inoculum of 5 x 10(5) CFU/ml, 1.0 micrograms/ml; MIC at an inoculum of 5 x 10(7) CFU/ml, 32.0 micrograms/ml) but not cefmetazole (MICs at inocula of 5 x 10(5) and 5 x 10(7) CFU/ml, 2.0 micrograms/ml) was used. Cefazolin or cefmetazole (100 mg/kg of body weight every 8 h for 8 days) was administered to rabbits with infected tissue cages. No differences in the concentrations of the two drugs in the uninfected tissue cages were observed. Higher concentrations of cefmetazole than cefazolin were found in infected tissue cages at day 3 (5.9 +/- 0.7 versus 2.2 +/- 0.3 micrograms/ml; P < 0.01), day 5 (9.1 +/- 2.6 versus 3.6 +/- 0.7 micrograms/ml; P = 0.02), and day 8 (9.4 +/- 1.4 versus 4.8 +/- 0.9 micrograms/ml; P = 0.01) after infection. Cefazolin and cefmetazole were equally effective in reducing the bacterial concentration in the abscess. In vitro experiments demonstrated greater cefazolin than cefmetazole degradation by S. aureus, but the differences were greater in serum than in abscess fluid supernatants. We conclude that abscess cefazolin concentrations are diminished by type A beta-lactamase-producing S. aureus, but this did not affect drug efficacy in this model.
Cefmetazole
Cefazolin
Cefotiam
Cite
Citations (13)
Ceftizoxime
Cefotiam
Cefmetazole
Cefuroxime
Enterobacter cloacae
Cite
Citations (13)
The activity of cefotiam, a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, was compared with that of cefazolin by the agar dilution method against 289 clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of cefotiam for Escherlchia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were about ten times lower than those of cefazolin. Moreover, cefotiam had a potent activity against indole-positive Proteus spp., Enterobacter cloacae, E. aerogenes and Citrobacter spp., which had low susceptibility to cefazolin. In contrast, the effect of cefotiam on the inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis in cell free enzyme system from E. coli K12 was almost identical with that of cefazolin. The possible mechanisms of the discrepancy between the antibacterial activity and the inhibition of peptidogiycan synthesis were discussed.
Cefotiam
Cefazolin
Enterobacter cloacae
Citrobacter
Enterobacter aerogenes
Agar dilution
Cite
Citations (7)
Disposition kinetics of cefamandole, cefoperazone, cefotiam, cefmenoxime and cefmetazole following rapid intravenous injection into rats is investigated. The plasma concentrations of the antibiotics are determined by the high performance liquid chromatographic method, and the pharmacokinetic behaviours of the cephalosporins are evaluated by moment analysis which is a model-independent method. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the paired t-test reveals that cefmetazole and cefmenoxime have greater mean residence time (MRT) than cefotiam, cefamandole and cefoperazone, and that cefamandole and cefmetazole show larger steady-state volume of distribution (Vss) than the other cephalosporins. Cefamandole has the greatest total body clearance (40.2 ml kg-1 min-1) and cefmenoxime the smallest (7.72 ml kg-1 min-1).
Cefmetazole
Cefamandole
Cefotiam
Cefoperazone
Cephalosporin Antibiotic
Cite
Citations (26)
Cefmetazole
Cefotiam
Cefamandole
Cefoperazone
Agar dilution
Cite
Citations (1)
Cefazolin
Fosfomycin
Cefotiam
Cefmetazole
Cite
Citations (3)
The therapeutic effect of cefotiam on experimental urinary tract infections with Proteus mirabilis IFO 3849 in mice was compared with that of cefazolin. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of cefotiam and cefazolin against the test organism were 1.56 and 25 micrograms/ml, respectively. Beginning 3 days after infection, various doses of each cephalosporin were given subcutaneously twice a day for 5 days. Doses of 100 mg of cefotiam per kg or more sterilized the urine within 3 days and effected a marked reduction or complete eradication of bacteria in the bladder walls and kidneys of mice sacrificed the day after treatment was terminated. A dose of cefazolin greater than 800 mg/kg was required for equivalent therapeutic results. Clearance of bacteria from urinary tract organs was as rapid or more rapid with 50-mg/kg doses of cefotiam as with 200-mg/kg doses of cefazolin. Much more rapid clearance was attained with 200-mg/kg doses of cefotiam. The concentrations of cefotiam attained in plasma, kidney, and urine were lower than the cefazolin levels achieved at an equivalent dose. The superiority of cefotiam over cefazolin in treatment of experimental urinary tract infections appears to be due to its greater activity against the test organism.
Cefotiam
Cefazolin
Cite
Citations (7)
術後感染予防抗菌薬の目的は手術部位感染(SSI)の予防であり，遠隔部位感染を含むSSI以外の術後感染性合併症は対象としていない．手術を行う部位に常在する細菌をターゲットとし，広域スペクトラムを有する抗菌薬を使用しない事が原則である．術後感染予防に用いられる抗菌薬は，清潔創手術に対してはcefazolin(CEZ)あるいはsulbactam/ampicillin(SBT/ABPC)が推奨される．準清潔手術では，cefotiam(CTM)，第2世代のセファマイシン系薬であるcefmetazole(CMZ)，オキサ型のflomoxef(FMOX)，あるいはCEZとmetronidazole(MNZ)の併用が推奨される．投与開始のタイミングは手術開始前1時間以内が推奨される．投与量・再投与は体重や腎機能によって調節が必要である．投与期間は術後24時間以内投与が基本である．
Cefazolin
Cefmetazole
Sulbactam
Cefotiam
Cite
Citations (1)
The bactericidal activity of cefazolin, cefoxitin, and cefmetazole against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was investigated. The mean geometric minimum inhibition concentrations against 200 strains each of the test organisms were lowest for cefmetazole, followed by cefazolin and cefoxitin. The killing activity at 5 and 50 microgram/ml of cefazolin and cefmetazole was almost the same and was superior to that of cefoxitin. In the kinetic model under conditions simulating the serum levels of the two drugs in humans after intravenous injection (1 g), cefazolin was the strongest of the three drugs in bactericidal activity. The results indicate that the highest and most prolonged serum concentrations of cefazolin reflected the strong bactericidal activity and the longest inhibition period of bacterial regrowth.
Cefmetazole
Cefazolin
Cefalotin
Cite
Citations (11)