Research on frequency modulation control of photovoltaic power generation system based on VSG
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Abstract In order to improve the friendliness of the grid connection of new energy power generation, the new energy photovoltaic (PV) unit is equivalent to a synchronous generator in the power system and a virtual synchronous generator (VSG)-controlled PV energy storage complementary grid-connected power generation system model is established and studied to analyze the VSG. When power is supplied to the load together with the power grid, the energy storage unit inside the VSG will release and store the electrical energy according to the fluctuation of the PV output, which plays the role of the adjustment of the prime mover; in the case of load power fluctuations, and power grid assume the corresponding active power regulation according to their capacity. The amount of active power adjustment to jointly and maintain the power balance inside the system under the condition of fluctuating load power. The overall system architecture and control strategy of PV grid-connected inverter based on VSG algorithm are proposed. The PV-VSG proposed here not only takes into account the maximum power point tracking control but also has independent participation in the power supply. A series of characteristics of synchronous generators, such as network frequency modulation voltage regulation and inertia damping, can effectively improve the new energy PV power generation system and promote the new energy consumption. The results of system simulation and field demonstration operation fully show the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed control strategy based on VSG algorithm.Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique that charge controllers use for wind turbines and PV solar systems to maximize power output. PV solar systems exist in several different configurations. The most basic version sends power from collector panels directly to the DC-AC inverter and from there directly to the electrical grid. A second version, called a hybrid inverter, might split the power at the inverter, where a percentage of the power goes to the grid and the remainder goes to a battery bank. The third version is not connected at all to the grid but employs a dedicated PV inverter that features the MPPT. In this configuration, power flows directly to a battery bank.
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Grid-tie inverter
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Grid-connected photovoltaic system is the most important among the photovoltaic applications. High efficiency power converter and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) are the key technologies of grid-connected inverters for photovoltaic system. Shadows created by clouds, trees ...etc. partially cover PV modules causes illumination decrease, in this condition the Current-voltage and power-voltage characteristics of large photovoltaic (PV) arrays become more complex and difficult to identify because different maximum power points exist, and the location of the global maximum power point is changing corresponding to the changing on the shading conditions. A multi-MPPT grid-connected photovoltaic system configuration based on the Perturb & Observe MPPT algorithm and Phase Shift Control is proposed in this paper. Two different configurations for a Grid-connected photovoltaic system, conventional and the proposed configurations, are investigated to verify the performance of the proposed configuration.
Maximum power principle
Solar micro-inverter
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Photovoltaic (PV) system losses from inverter maximum power point tracking (MPPT) errors are a persistent source of uncertainty in PV performance modeling. MPPT efficiency comprises both static MPPT efficiency, which quantifies the array power captured under stable conditions, and dynamic MPPT efficiency, which applies under changing irradiance and temperature. Array-level I-V curve modeling can constrain both static and dynamic MPPT efficiency values for large-scale PV systems. We model static MPPT efficiency values as a function of the deviation in operating voltage from the maximum power point. We also estimate dynamic MPPT efficiency by introducing an MPPT time lag into performance models run for a variety of locations, time scales, and system designs. The results suggest that static and dynamic MPPT losses are likely minimal for modern inverters.
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Conventionally, generators with a considerable generation capacity have been responsible for providing ancillary services, e.g. reactive power support and spinning reserve. However, with recent highly penetrated distributed energy resources (DERs) systems and considering the benefit that DERs can bring to the system, it seems reasonable to optimally utilize them as a distributed reactive power service provider. Therefore, this paper proposes a settlement for DERs which participate in the reactive power market. To do so, an algorithm is proposed which determines the maximum DERs reactive power transmission capability from distribution networks into transmission systems. Also, a reactive power procurement model is proposed here to consider DERs participation in the reactive market. To justify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method, the 33-bus distribution and CIGRE 32-bus test systems are utilized.
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Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are considered a crucial part in photovoltaic system design to maximise the output power of a photovoltaic array. Whilst several techniques have been designed, Perturb and Observe (P&O) is widely used for MPPT due to its low cost and simple implementation. Fuzzy logic (FL) is another common technique that achieves vastly improved performance for MPPT technique in terms of response speed and low fluctuation about the maximum power point. However, major issues of the conventional FL-MPPT are a drift problem associated with changing irradiance and complex implementation when compared with the P&O-MPPT. In this paper, a novel MPPT technique based on FL control and P&O algorithm is presented. The proposed method incorporates the advantages of the P&O-MPPT to account for slow and fast changes in solar irradiance and the reduced processing time for the FL-MPPT to address complex engineering problems when the membership functions are few. To evaluate the performance, the P&O-MPPT, FL-MPPT and the proposed method are simulated by a MATLAB-SIMULINK model for a grid-connected PV system. The EN 50530 standard test is used to calculate the efficiency of the proposed method under varying weather conditions. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed technique accurately tracks the maximum power point and avoids the drift problem, whilst achieving efficiencies of greater than 99.6%.
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The main objective for a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverter is to feed the harvested energy from PV panels to the grid with high efficiency and high electrical power quality. In this paper, an improved maximum power point tracking method applied for a quasi-Z-source PV inverter is proposed to track the maximum power of the PV power system. Furthermore, the DC-link stable voltage control and AC-side power control of the entire system are designed. The simulated results illustrate the validity and correctness of the proposed approach, and an efficient method for PV power generation.
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<span lang="EN-US">The conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method such as perturb and observe (P&O) under partial shading conditions with non-uniform irradiation, can get trapped on local maximum power point (LMPP) and cannot reach global maximum power point (GMPP). This study proposes a bio-inspired metaheuristic algorithm spotted hyena optimizer (SHO) and improved SHO as a new MPPT technique. The proposed SHO-MPPT and improved SHO-MPPT are used to extract GMPP from solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays operated under uniform irradiation and non-uniform irradiation. Simulation with Powersim (PSIM) and experimental with the emulated PV source were presented. Furthermore, to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, SHO-MPPT is compared with P&O-MPPT and particle swarm optimization (PSO)-MPPT. The SHO-MPPT has an accuracy of 99% and has the good capability, but there are power fluctuations before reaching MPP. Therefore, improved SHO-MPPT was developed to get better results. The improved SHO-MPPT proved high accuracy of 99% and faster than SHO-MPPT and PSO-MPPT in tracking the maximum power point (MPP). Furthermore, there are minor power fluctuations.</span>
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In this paper, a novel photovoltaic (PV) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) based on biological swarm chasing behavior is proposed to increase the MPPT performance for a module-integrated PV power system. Each PV module is viewed as a particle, and as a result, the maximum power point is viewed as the moving target. Thus, every PV module can chase the maximum power point (MPP) automatically. A 525 W prototype constructed by three parallel-connected 175 W PV modules is implemented to assess the MPPT performance. Comparing with a typical perturb and observe (P & O) MPPT method, the MPPT efficiency ¿ MPPT is improved about 12.19% in transient state by the proposed MPPT as theoretical prediction.
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Tracking (education)
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This paper presents a complete design and simulation of a Photovoltaic System (PVS) with capable of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). In this paper Incremental Conductance Method (ICM) is adopted for the MPPT technique. The proposed PV System is modelled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink GUI environment. Finally, dynamic performance of the proposed PV System with ICM is presented to demonstrate its capability of MPPT, which has a better tracking performance.
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Tracking (education)
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