Enhanced Interfacial Compatibility and Dynamic Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior of Natural Rubber/Silicone Rubber Composites
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Silicone rubber (VMQ) possesses a saturated −Si–O– main chain and natural rubber (NR) contains a large amount of C═C bonds; thus, due to the large difference in saturating degree and main chain characteristics, it is difficult to compound them and obtain homogeneous composites. In this study, a trimercapto modifier [trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate)] (TMPMP) was chosen to enhance the interfacial compatibility of NR/VMQ composites via a thiol-ene click reaction. Due to the reactivity discrepancy of TMPMP with NR and VMQ, a two-step strategy of compatibilization was adopted. After modification, VMQ exhibited a smaller domain size and a more even distribution in the NR matrix, and the corresponding static mechanical properties and dynamic fatigue crack propagation resistance of NR/VMQ composites were improved. Furthermore, it is pointed out that the crack growth rate (dc/dN) shows a positive relevance with the viscoelastic parameter loss compliance modulus (J”): a less J” value means that more energy dissipation occurred in the linear viscoelastic region in front of the crack tip, resulting in less dc/dN and a better crack propagation resistance.Keywords:
Silicone rubber
Compatibilization
It has been reported that compatibilizer or crosslinking agent can improve the compatibilization of PVC/PE blends. And we have found that the mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/low density polyethylene (LDPE) blends were dramatically improved by compatibilization together with crosslinking. According to these,the compatibilization-crosslinking synergism was proposed. This letter reports the influ-
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Low-density polyethylene
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Abstract This review examines some recent developments in the field of reactive compatibilization of polymer blends by melt processing in extruders and intensive batch mixers. Three routes to reactive compatibilization are considered, namely, the use of suitably functionalized blend constituents, the incorporation of polymeric compatibilizers, and the addition of low molecular weight compounds. Representative systems from the recent patent and open literature are classified according to method and assumed mechanism of compatibilization, and the types of chemical reactions involved. A variety of polymer blends are discussed, including impact modified thermoplastics, polymer modified engineering thermoplastics, dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomers, and co‐crosslinked rubber/rubber blends. Examples of potential opportunities in reactive compatibilization are also presented.
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The recent interest in multifunctional materials with tailorable performances led to the formulation of novel polymer blends, with enhanced properties with respect to traditional plastics and showing economical advantages compared to the synthesis of new polymers. However, polymer blends are immiscible in most cases, and proper compatibilization is therefore needed to obtain an alloy with suitable performances. Beside the traditional compatibilization approaches (i.e., addition of graft or branched copolymers, reactive compatibilization), a novel technique has recently emerged, based on the insertion of micro- and nanostructured inorganic fillers within polymer blends. Therefore, the aim of this review is to give an overview about the role played by nanofillers on the compatibilization of polymer alloys. A survey of the most important papers in literature on this topic will be presented, trying to correlate the microstructural features of nanofilled blends to their physical properties. After an introduction on the general aspects of polymer alloys in Chapter 1, the most relevant compatibilization strategies will be presented in Chapter 2, with particular emphasis on the compatibilization induced by micro- and nanostructured fillers. Chapter 3 will be focused on the nanofiller induced compatibilization, and several examples of thermoplastic, thermosetting and elastomeric nanofilled blends will be presented. Considering the increasing importance of biopolymers and of their blends in the modern industry, in Chapter 4 it will be shown how nanofiller induced compatibilization could be successfully applied also to bioplastics based alloys. Due to the recent environmental concerns on the polymer waste management and the difficulties in the plastics sorting operations, in Chapter 5 it will be demonstrated that nanomodification of recycled plastics can lead to blend recyclates with good compatibility and suitable physical properties. The key aspects of the nanofiller induced compatibilization in polymer blends and the future perspectives will be summarized in Chapter 6.
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Abstract Most polymer blends are immiscible and need to be compatibilized. The compatibilization must accomplish: (i) optimization of the interfacial tension; (ii) stabilize the morphology against high stresses during forming; and (iii) enhance adhesion between the phases in the solid state. Compatibilization is accomplished either by addition of a compatibilizer or by reactive processing. This review will focus on the three aspects: description of the interphase, compatibilization by addition and reactive compatibilization.
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The purpose of this study is to use finite element computational simulation to investigate the accuracy of ultrasound viscoelastic creep imaging for evaluating the viscoelastic properties of a heterogeneous viscoelastic three-layer structure. The findings suggest that, in general, viscoelastic creep imaging cannot accurately evaluate the viscoelastic properties of each layer of the viscoelastic three-layer structure. Inaccuracy in the evaluation is due to deviation or distortion of the creep curve of each element within the viscoelastic three-layer structure, resulting from the interaction between complicated viscoelastic behaviors of each layer within the viscoelastic three-layer structure.
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Abstract Polymer blends are mixtures of at least two polymers and/or copolymers comprising more than 2 wt% of each macromolecular component. Most blends are immiscible, and need to be compatibilized. The compatibilization must not only ensure improvement in performance, but it must be reproducible, insensitive to forming stresses and repeated processing. This review on compatibilization of polymer blends is prepared in three parts: (i) description of the interface/interphase; (ii) compatibilization by addition of a copolymer (with a special emphasis on the use of block copolymers); and (iii) reactive compatibilization.
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Abstract Polymer blending is a cost‐effective way to control the properties of soft materials, but the propensity for blends to macrophase separate motivates the development of efficient compatibilization strategies. Across this broad area, compatibilization is particularly important for polysiloxanes, which exhibit strong repulsive interactions with most organic polymers. This review analyzes state‐of‐the‐art polysiloxane compatibilization strategies for silicone–organic polymer blends. Emphasis is placed on chemical innovation in the design of compatibilization agents that may expedite the commercialization of new silicone–organic materials. We anticipate that hybrid silicone blends will continue to play an important role in fundamental and applied materials science across industry and academia.
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