Antibacterial infection and immune-evasive coating for orthopedic implants
Kyomin ChaeWoo Young JangKijun ParkJinhyeok LeeHyunchul KimKyoung Bun LeeChang Kyu LeeYeontaek LeeSoon Hyuck LeeJungmok Seo
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Abstract:
Antibacterial and immune-evasive coating for orthopedic implants reduce infection and infection-induced immune response.AIM]To investigate the differ ence between the assays of coated tablets with removed coating or without remove d coating. [METHODS]It was proved by mathematical analysis that the re was a theoretical differece between the assays of coated tablets with removed coating or without removed coating, under the condition of no influence of coat ing matericals on the assay. [RESULTS]After removing coating, the assaying result attenuated because of the loss of the tablet core, meanwhile th e residual coating had no influence on the assaying result. [CONCLUSION] When coating materials dont interfere with the assay of coated tablets, the direct assay without removed coating is feasible.
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The aim of this research is to study some factors affecting the mechanical coating of maize seeds.The studied factors are coating temperature of 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 C o , coating speeds of 20, 28, and 36 rpm, coating times of 15, 20, 30, 40, 50.And 60 minute, batch masses of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 kg, and coating materials of clay, "Fe + Zn" and "Fe + Zn + Arsan".The main results in this study can be summarized in the following points: * The maximum germinations maize seeds were 89.5, 99.6 and 89.7 % for coating-unit speed of 28 rpm, coating time of 15 minute, coating temperature of 30 C o with their different coating treatments coating with "Fe + Zn", "Fe + Zn + Arsan" and clay respectively.Meanwhile, the minimum maize seed germinations of 22.5, 37.8 and 14.7 % were obtain at coating-unit speed of 36 rpm, coating time of 60 minute, coating temperature of 70 C o and coating with the same coating mechanicals respectively.* The maximum machine capacity of maize seeds coated was 9.2 kg/h was obtained using seeds-batch mass of 2.5 kg and coating-unit speed of 36 rpm.Meanwhile, the minimum machine capacity of maize seeds coated was 0.85 kg/h using seeds-batch mass of 0.5 kg and coating-unit speed of 20 rpm.* The operation and production costs at optimum parameters batch mass of 2.5 kg, coating-unit speed 28 rpm, coating temperature of 30 0 C, coating time of 15 minutes and coating with "Fe + Zn + Arsan" were 17.02 L. E./h and 1850 L.E./ton.INTRODUCTION aize (Zea mays, L.) one of the important crops worldwide after rice and wheat because of its high grain and forage yield.El-Habbal et al. (1995) proved that coating the maize corn seeds with fertilizer containing Fe, Mn and Zn (2:1:2 by weight) at the rate of 6.5 g/kg seeds gave significant increments in number of spikes/plant, (1) Res.,
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The coating has become an important way to improve on the tooling quality of tool. The property of the (Ti, Al) N coating made by the coating machine of Shanghai Tool Works was analyzed. It was revealed that the surface hardness of the (Ti, Al) N coating is as high as 32GPa, but that of the TiN coating is only as high as 24GPa. At the same time the growth of the (Ti, Al) N coating is in a good state. The dry cutting testing shows that wear loss of the (Ti, Al) N coating during the cutting will be less than that of the TiN coating , and its cutting life is longer compared with the TiN coating. The (Ti,Al) N coating is fit for high speed cutting. The main reasons why the (Ti, Al) N coating is applicable for high speed cutting were analyzed as well.
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The coating binder in cross-section of coating layer will be migrated, the binder concentration will be different in z-direction of coating layer, which affect some properties of coated paper. The paper studied the effects of coating progress on binder migration and affected factors. The z-direction distribution of the coating binder which was tagged with Br in coating layer and its concentration in coating surface were examined quantitatively by using SEM-EDXA and ESCA analysis. During coating process the drying rate, dwell time from coating device to dryer and coating weight affect the binder migration. The mechanism of binder migration was proposed. The results indicated that the degree of binder migration is directly proportional to the drying temperature and coating weight, but reduces with extending the dwell time.
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The characteristics of coating technologies of the compression roller coating,scraper coating,extrusion coating,curtain coating,spin coating,and spray coating were summarized.It was put forward that the important means to develop faster and more precise coating technology are to choose appropriate coating way,to strengthen on-line coating detection and control,and to adjust the rheological properties of the liquid coating.
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Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics, also spelled orthopaedics, is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma, spine diseases, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors, and congenital disorders. The musculoskeletal system comprises the framework of the body and the mechanics that make it function. While orthopedics focuses on this system specifically, the reality is that just about every medical specialty has some overlap with this specialty. While some orthopedic surgeons undergo additional training to perform specialized types of surgeries, orthopedic surgeons in general spend the majority of their time treating patients outside of the operating room. Most orthopedic specialists have a busy office-based practice. Orthopedic surgeons can also be found working in the emergency room, taking care of patients in hospital wards, or even on the sidelines of sporting events. It takes around 10 years of schooling and training post-college to become an orthopedic surgeon, but it's a highly in-demand specialty. And even after more than a decade of training, many surgeons further sub-specialize within orthopedics. Orthopedic conditions are the most common reason people seek medical care, although not every patient with an orthopedic condition is seen by an orthopedic specialist.
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Objective: To determine the knowledge of Brazilian Orthopedic Surgeons on the costs of orthopedic surgical devices used in surgical implants. Methods: A questionnaire was applied to Brazilian Orthopedic Surgeons during the 46th Brazilian Congress on Orthopedics and Traumatology. Results: Two hundred and one Orthopedic Surgeons completely filled out the questionnaire. The difference between the average prices estimated by the surgeons and the average prices provided by the supplier companies was 47.1%. No differences were found between the orthopedic specialists and other subspecialties on the prices indicated for specific orthopedic implants. However, differences were found among orthopedic surgeons who received visits from representatives of implant companies and those who did not receive those visits on prices indicated for shaver and radiofrequency device. Correlation was found between length of orthopedic experience and prices indicated for shaver and interference screw, and higher the experience time the lower the price indicated by Surgeons for these materials. Conclusion: The knowledge of Brazilian Orthopedic Surgeons on the costs of orthopedic implants is precarious. Reduction of cost of orthopedics materials depends on a more effective communication and interaction between doctors, hospitals and supplier companies with solid orientation programs and awareness for physicians about their importance in this scenario.Level of Evidence III, Cross-Sectional Study.
Traumatology
Orthopedic Procedures
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Purpose By reducing the coating thickness of the weak scattering source, the coating weight of the absorbing material can be reduced by 35% with little effect on the RCS. Design/methodology/approach To alleviate the weight-increasing problem caused by a large number of coating of absorbing materials, a method for zonal coating of absorbing materials for a stealth helicopter was proposed. By appropriately reducing the thickness of the coating at the secondary scattering locations, the amount of coating used is significantly reduced. Findings Compared with the full-coated, the zonal coating scheme achieves the corresponding RCS reduction effect. Practical implications Zonal coating design can achieve the effect of reducing coating weight and cost. Originality/value The effects of different coating methods on RCS were verified by electromagnetic scattering simulation, and the applicability of the zonal coating design of the absorbing material to the stealth helicopter was verified.
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