Anxiety, Depression and Cognitive Dysfunction
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Abstract:
One of the few incontrovertible assumptions concerning human personality is that it is influenced and determined by a wide range of factors. Of major importance are individual differences in genetic factors. This was shown very clearly by Vukasović and Bratko (2015) in their meta-analytic review of twin, family and adoption studies designed to assess the percentage of individual differences attributable to genetic factors for major personality factors or dimensions. With respect to H. J. Eysenck’s three orthogonal dimensions of extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism (see H. J. Eysenck & M. Eysenck, 1985), the percentage figure ranged between 30 percent for psychoticism and 42 percent for neuroticism (which closely resembles trait anxiety).Keywords:
Psychoticism
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
Trait theory
Trait
In the present study an attempt was made to verify the hypotheses that (a)-The married and unmarried women would significantly differ on neuroticism, (b)-The married and unmarried women would significantly differ on psychoticism and (c)-The Married and unmarried women would differ significantly on extraversion. For empirical verification of these three hypotheses a study was conducted on 40 married and 40 unmarried women. Eysenck' Personality Inventory (Hindi adaption by Prof. R. P. Sinha) was used for measuring personality dimension (neuroticism, psychoticism&extraversion). For the analysis of the obtained scores t-ratio was employed. The findings on the whole indicated that married and unmarried women differ significantly in terms of their neuroticism and psychoticism but in case of extraversion they do not differ significantly from each other.
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Irfani (1978) found that Iranian students who had thought about suicide obtained higher psychoticism, neuroticism, and introversion scores than those who had not thought of suicide. Mehryat, et a/. (1977) replicated the differences in psychoticism and neuroticism. The present study sought to replicate these results in a sampIe of 76 male and 98 female college students enrolled in college courses (M,, = 23.2 yr., SD = 7.0) who were asked about prior suicidal involvement and given the Eysenck Personality Test (Eysendc & Eysenck, 1968). For the group the mean scores were on psychoticism 2.4 (SD = 2.1), on neuroticism 8.6 (SD = 4.2), and on extraversion 13.1 (SD = 3.9). Overall, those students who had previously thought about suicide (a = 85) obtained higher psychoticism scores (Pearson r = 0.36, P < .001), neuroticism scores (r = 0.52, P < .001), and introversion scores (T = 0.13, $ < .05). Students who had threatened suicide in the past (n = 25) also obtained higher psychoticism and neuroticism scores (rs = 0.28 and 0.29, P < .001), but not introversion scores (r = 0.08). Students who had previously attempted suicide (n = 9) obtained higher introversion scores (r = -0.15, p < .05) but nor higher psychoticism or neuroticism scores (7s = 0.09 and O.11), but the sample size was quite small for the attempters. The present analysis then replicates the earlier ones in finding that suicidal involvement in college students is associated with psychoticism, neuroticism, and introversion.
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Abstract Ninety-two male and 20 female clergy completed the short-form Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Eysenck, Eysenck, & Barrett, 1985) and the Francis Scale of Attitude Towards Christianity (Francis & Stubbs, 1987). The findings support Eysenck's central theory regarding an inverse relationship between psychoticism scores and religious attitudes, and they confirm the view that neuroticism scores are also implicated in predicting the intensity of religious attitudes among the religiously committed.
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Psychoticism
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To investigate the relationship between fatigue or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)-like symptoms and basic dimensions of personality, a sample of 466 Kuwaiti college students took part in the study ( M age = 19.0 years, SD = 2.1). Participants completed the Arabic Scale of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ASCFS; Abdel-Khalek & Al-Theeb, 2006) and the Arabic version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ; Abdel-Khalek & Eysenck, 1983; Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975). The ASCFS was found to be significantly and positively correlated with neuroticism and psychoticism and negatively correlated with extraversion. Two high-loading factors were extracted from both sexes and labeled “Fatigue and neuroticism versus extraversion”, and “Psychoticism versus lie”. A multiple stepwise regression was carried out and the predictors of ASCFS were found to be neuroticism and psychoticism (positive) and extraversion (negative) among men, while in women the predictors were neuroticism and psychoticism. It was concluded that high scores on neuroticism, psychoticism, and introversion may predispose people to CFS. Clinicians treating CFS could find this result useful. It is suggested that treating neurotic symptoms may ameliorate CFS symptoms.
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Using self-esteem scale,the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale and the Eysenck Personality Questinnaire,and locus of control(Lenoven,1991) with 359 subjects,exploring the relation between the locus of control and personality characters,results show that Internality scale has positive relation with the self-esteem scale,negative relation with the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale,Psychoticism subscale and Neuroticism subscale in the Eysenck Personality Questinnaire.Powerful other scale and Chance Scale has negative relation with the self-esteem scale,positive relation with the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale,Psychoticism subscale and Neuroticism subscale in the Eysenck Personality Questinnaire.Cluster and ANOVA analysis show that comparing with external controller,the internal controller gets higher scores in self-esteem scale,lower scores in the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale,Psychoticism subscale and Neuroticism subscale in the Eysenck Personality Questinnaire.
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This study aimed to investigate the factorial structure of the personality questionnaire "Eysenck" on an Algerian sample. The sample of the study consisted of (669) students from four different universities in Algeria (Blida 02, Batna, Msila, and Setif 02). Statistical analysis of the findings showed that "Eysenck "was loaded on four factors. The amount of these factors fit with the number of factors that "Eysenck" assumes that the structure of the questionnaire is loaded on in any cultural environment. Findings showed that the items of the questionnaire were loaded on four factors: lying, extroversion, neuroticism, psychoticism, with the existence of other items that were loaded on different factors.
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688 men and 362 women were given the 101-item version of the Adult Eysenck Personality Questionnaire which had been translated into Hebrew. Factor comparisons indicated that identical factors of Psychoticism, Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Social Desirability were observed in Israeli data. Reliabilities were satisfactorily high for all factors except Psychoticism which was rather weak. Means showed the usual sex differences, with men scoring higher than women on Psychoticism and Extraversion but lower on Neuroticism and Lie scales. Cross-cultural comparisons of means, computed on reduced scoring keys containing only items in common, indicated that Israeli subjects (both sexes) scored higher than the British ones on Extraversion and Lie scales but lower on Psychoticism and Neuroticism scales.
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This study compared how extraversion, neuroticism, and extraversion × neuroticism are related to processing of pleasant and unpleasant emotional information as predicted by Eysenck's, Gray's, and Newman's theories. Initially, the participants' levels of extraversion (as measured by the sociability subscale) and neuroticism were assessed with Eysenck's Personality Inventory. They were then tested individually. After completing a questionnaire of current positive and negative moods, they completed three tasks measuring processing of pleasant, unpleasant, and also neutral information. The results showed that extraversion was associated positively with the processing of pleasant information, while neuroticism was associated positively with the processing of unpleasant information. These findings support predictions from Eysenck's theory. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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