Gut microbiota in hospitalized children with acute infective gastroenteritis caused by virus or bacteria in a regional Peruvian hospital
André Taco-MasiasAugusto R. Fernández-AristiAngela Cornejo‐TapiaMiguel Ángel Aguilar-LuisLuís J. del ValleWilmer Silva-CasoVíctor Zavaleta-GavidiaPablo WeilgHernán Cornejo-PacherresJorge Bazán-MayraZully M. PuyénJuana del Valle-Mendoza
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Abstract:
Acute infective gastroenteritis (AIG) is a leading cause of mortality in children worldwide. In Peru, more than 40% of cases of AIG occurring in children under 5 years old. The disruption of the gut microbiota can increase risk for several health complications especially in patients with gastric infections caused by viruses or bacteria.The main objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of 13 representative bacteria from the gut microbiota (GM) in stools samples from children under 5 years of age with acute infective gastroenteritis.The most commonly isolated bacteria from the GM were Firmicutes (63.2% 74/117) Bacteriodetes (62.4%; 73/117), Lactobacillus (59.8%; 70/117), Prevotella (57.2%; 67/117), Proteobacterium (53.8%; 63/117), regardless of the etiological agent responsible for the AIG. Interestingly, despite the high prevalence of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillus and Prevotella across all samples, a visible reduction of these agents was observed especially among patients with a single bacterial infection or even bacteria-bacteria coinfections when compared to viral etiologies. Patients with exclusive or mixed breastfeeding registered the highest amount of gut microbiota bacteria, in contrast to infants who received formula or were not breastfed.Keywords:
Prevotella
Etiology
Objective
The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of zinc-bearing palygorskite (Zn-Pal) on rumen bacterial diversity in vitro.
Methods
We prepared Zn-Pal by the ion-exchange, and evaluated the compositions of bacterial communities in 60 samples based on 16S rDNA genes.
Results
We obtained a total of 1490959 effective sequences and 87662 OTUs. The bacterial diversity in the treatment Ⅳ group increased at 24 h, and the abundance of the treatment Ⅳ group increased at 48 h. Bacterial community composition analysis shows that the dominant phyla were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Lentisphaerae. Compared with the control group, Firmicutes in treatment groups significantly increased (P < 0.05) at 24 h and 48 h, whereas Bacteroidetes in the treatment Ⅳ group was decreased (P < 0.05) at 48 h. At the genus level, the sequences could be assigned to 124 different genera. The content of Prevotella had no significant difference between the control and treatments. The relative abundance of Treponema in the treatment Ⅳ group was significantly higher at 48 h than in the control group (P < 0.05), whereas the relative abundance of Victivallis and Pseudobutyrivibrio in treatment Ⅳ was lower.
Conclusion
Zn-Pal may affect rumen fluid bacterial diversity in dairy cows, and the degrees of this influence varied with the dose and time of Zn-Pal.
Prevotella
Palygorskite
Euryarchaeota
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맞춤영양은 개인 혹은 집단마다 다른 대사작용, 유전체, 미생물의 차이 등의 생물학적 특성으로 인해 나타나는 식품 섭취에 대한 반응의 다양성에 중점을 두고, 질병 예방을 위한 식사 지침을 제공하는 것을 의미한다. 생물학적 특성 중, 장내미생물은 식생활에 의해 구성이 달라지고 구성의 차이에 따라 질병에 미치는 영향도 달라진다. 따라서, 앞으로의 맞춤 영양은 식이요인, 장내미생물, 그리고 만성질환과의 상호복합적인 연관성에 대해 주목할 필요가 있다. 이와 관련하여 많은 연구가 진행되고 있지만, 장내미생물 구성은 지역이나 인종에 따라서도 다르게 나타나기 때문에 해외의 연구결과를 국내에 그대로 적용시키기에는 한계가 있다. 때문에 한국인의 식생활 특성과, 그에 따른 장내미생물 구성, 더 나아가 이 요인들이 질병에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지에 대한 다각적인 분석이 필요하다.BR 최근 한국인의 식생활은 고탄수화물 섭취, 발효식품 섭취, 동물성 식품 섭취의 증가가 대표적인 특성이라고 볼 수 있다. 각 특성은 급원식품이나 섭취량에 따라 만성질환에 부정적인 영향을 미치기도 하고 긍정적인 영향을 미치기도 한다. 한국인을 구성하는 장내미생물은 Bacteroidetes와 Firmicutes가 대부분을 차지하고 있으며, Bacteroides와 Prevotella 두가지의 장 유형으로 분류되는 것으로 나타났다. 한국인의 채소, 발효 식품의 섭취는 Firmicutes와, 탄수화물이 높은 백미와 당이 많이 포함된 식품의 섭취는 Prevotella와 양의 연관성을 나타낸 결과들이 있었지만, Bacteroides는 식물성 식품의 섭취와 양의 상관관계를 보이는 결과도 있었고, 음의 상관관계를 보이는 결과도 있었다. 식이요인과 장내미생물 각 요인이 만성질환에 미치는 영향에 대해서도 밝혀졌지만, 아직 세가지 요인의 상호작용을 통한 영향에 대해 설명하기 위해서는 좀 더 많은 근거들이 필요하다. 따라서, 미래 국내의 장내미생물 기반 맞춤영양 서비스 발전을 위해서는 한국인을 대상으로 한 다양한 연구방법을 통해 한국인에게 적용할 수 있는 특성을 발굴하고, 대규모의 과학적 근거를 생산하는 노력과 함께 마이크로바이옴과 식품 산업을 융합하는 여러 시도가 이루어져야 할 것이다.
Prevotella
Gut microbiome
Bacteroidaceae
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Purpose: To investigate the compositional and functional characteristics of T1DM-associated gut microbiota in two Egyptian cities and to study the geographical locality effects. Patients and Methods: This case-control study included 32 children with controlled T1DM and 16 controls, selected from two different regions of Egypt. The gut microbiota of both diabetic and control children was analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing; this was done using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Results: Consistent findings among the diabetic children included significantly lower alpha diversity than the control children, as well as a lower mean Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, and reduced proportions of Firmicutes and the genera Prevotella and Ruminococcus . In the diabetic children, there were also significantly enriched representations of Actinobacteria , Bacteroidetes , and Proteobacteria and the genera Lactobacilli, Bacteroides , and Faecalibacterium . When comparing the two diabetic groups, the Ismailia group (IsDM) was found to have a significantly higher F/B ratio and diversity indices, with resultant differences at the functional level. Conclusion: There are a number of consistent changes in the microbiota profile characterizing the diabetic groups irrespective of the geographical location including significantly lower alpha diversity, mean Firmicutes/ Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, and reduced proportions of Firmicutes and genera Prevotella and Ruminococcus . There are also significantly enriched representations of Actinobacteria , Bacteroidetes , and Proteobacteria and genera Lactobacilli, Bacteroides , and Faecalibacterium pointing to the greater driving power of the disease. Keywords: gut microbiota, dysbiosis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, children
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Abstract Previous studies showed that the human gut microbiota was associated with metabolic diseases, but the interaction and mechanism between the gut microbiota and metabolic disease are still unclear. In this study, the gut microbiota of 58 persons living in Zhejiang and Shanghai area will be analyzed. Then, the potential contribution of the human gut microbiota to obesity/high Body Mass Index (BMI) will be explored. The gut microbiota was studied by high throughput sequencing analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragments, and the gut microbiota samples with different BMI were compared. Meanwhile, some gut microorganisms from faeces of a healthy individual were cultivated and isolated, and the classification was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. The main microbes in human gut microbiota were assigned to the phyla of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Moreover, four strains were isolated from an individual fecal sample, of which one species was assigned to Escherichia fergusonii and the other three strains were assigned to Weissella cibaria . These four species belong to both abundant and low-abundant species revealed by high throughput sequencing. It was found that individuals with different BMI have different gut microbiota; while the differences are not significant. Also, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio increases with the decrease of BMI, which is corresponding to previous results. In the future, more cohort gut microbiota in Zhejiang and Shanghai area will be collected and recovered, and the gut microbiota database of Zhejiang and Shanghai area will be built up in order to provide the basis for future gut microbiota modulation in this area.
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Ruminococcus
Prevotella
Veillonella
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To explore the relationship between the changes in the physiological period and the fecal microbial population of female rhesus monkeys by measuring microbial composition of fecal samples and the serum hormones. Blood and fecal samples were collected from six female adult rhesus monkeys during the menstrual period (MP), ovulation period (OP), and Luteal period (LP). Serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) levels were determined by the chemiluminescence method and the stool samples were subjected to high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing. The highest level of E2 and P secretions were during the MP, and LP, respectively. Stool samples produced valid sequences and the number of operational taxonomic unit/OTU was: 810056/3756 (MP), 845242/4159 (OP), 881560/3970 (LP). At the phylum level, the three groups of Firmicutes and Bacteroides accounted for > 95%. The dominant flora at the LP was Bacteroides (53.85%), the dominant flora at the MP and OP was Firmicutes, 64.08 and 56.53%, respectively. At the genus level, the dominant genus at the LP was Prevotella, the dominant genera at the MP were Prevotella, Oncococcus, Streptococcus, and Kurtella. The dominant genera at OP were Prevotella and Nocococcus. At the phylum level, P levels were negatively correlated to Firmicutes, Actinomycetes Actinobacteria, and Fibrobacteres, but positively correlated to Bacteroidetes. Likewise, E2 was positively correlated to Proteobacteria but negatively correlated to Euryarchaeota. At the genus level, P hormone showed a significant correlation with 16 bacterial species, and E2 was significantly correlated to seven bacterial species. Function prediction analysis revealed a high similarity between the MP and OP with six differentially functional genes (DFGs) between them and 11 DFGs between OP and LP (P < 0.05). Fecal microbiota types of female rhesus monkeys varied with different stages of the menstrual cycle, possibly related to changes in hormone levels.
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The rumen and the jejunum of calves have distinct functional roles; the former is in the storage and fermentation of feed, and the latter is in transporting digesta to the ileum. It is unknown how nutrition changes the evolution of the microbiome of these organs after birth. We sequenced and characterized the entire microbiome of the rumen and the jejunum from Bos indicus calves of the Mexican Tropics to study their dynamics at Days 0, 7, 28, and 42 after birth. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to 185 and 222 genera from 15 phylum were observed in the organs, respectively. The most abundant OTUs were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. We observed that proteobacterial species were outcompeted after the first week of life by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the rumen and the jejunum, respectively. Moreover, Prevotella species were found to predominate in the rumen (36% of total OTUs), while the jejunum microbiome is composed of small proportions of several genera. Presumably, their high relative abundance assists in specialized functions and is more likely in fermentation since they are anaerobes. In summary, the rumen and the jejunum microbiomes were outcompeted by new microbiomes in a dynamic process that begins at birth.
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To investigate the distribution characteristics of gut microbiota in children with tic disorder (TD) and the possible role of these characteristics in the pathogenesis of TD.The medical records of 28 children with TD treated at Wuxi Children's Hospital from January 1 to October 31, 2020, and 21 age-matched healthy children (controls) were included. The relative quantification of bacterial taxa was performed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing.There was no significant difference in the alpha diversity of gut microbiota between the TD and control groups. Analyses of beta diversity were able to differentiate the TD patients from the healthy controls based on their gut microbiota. At the phylum level, the two groups were mainly composed of four phyla, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. There were significant differences in Firmicutes and Actinobacteria between the two groups (P <0.05). At the level of genera, the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Collinsella reduced while that of Ruminococcaceae unclassified, Prevotella, Faecalibacterium, Coprobacillus, and Odoribacter increased in the TD group compared to that in the control group. The intergroup differences were significant (P < 0.05).The abnormal composition of gut microbiota in children with TD suggests that the change in gut microbiota may play an important role in TD development.
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To study the composition of gut microbiota of Tibetan, Mongolian and Zhuang children.A total of 100 school-age children aged 10-12 were randomly selected from three ethnic groups in 2016, the Tibetan in Bayi County, Tibet, the Mongolian in Zha Qi, Inner Mongolia, and the Zhuang in Shanglin County, Nanning, Guangxi. Fecal samples were collected for high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis to compare the structural differences of gut microbiota of children from the three ethnic groups in the above areas.The result of α diversity analysis showed that the diversity and richness of gut microbiota of children from three ethnic groups in the surveyed area were different in pairwise comparison. The dominant phyla and genera of Tibetan children's gut bacteria are Firmicutes(54.01%), Bacteroidetes(31.13%), Prevotella(15.72%) and Faecalibacterium(15.46%). The dominant phyla and genera of Mongolian children's gut bacteria are Firmicutes(54.89%), Bacteroidetes(17.85%), Proteobacteria(15.99%), Faecalibacterium(20.84%) and Escherichia(17.52%). While in Zhuang children, the dominant phyla and genera are Firmicutes(50.86%), Bacteroidetes(34.74%), Prevotella(18.40%), Bacteroides(17.78%) and Faecalibacterium(14.68%).The composition and structure of gut microbiota of Tibetan and Zhuang children in the three regions are similar, while the structure of gut microbiota of Mongolian children is obviously different from those of the first two regions.
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To explore the differences between oral and intestinal microorganisms of 860 children aged 1-6 years in Nanjing city.Eight hundred and sixty children aged 1-6 years who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. 860 saliva samples and equivalent stool samples were collected. Microbial DNA was extracted and amplified using PCR. High-throughput sequencing was performed using Miseq sequencer, and bioinformatics analysis was performed to compare the differences of oral and intestinal microflora. SPSS 20.0 software package was used to perform the statistical analysis.At phylum level, Bacteroidetes (39.98%), Proteobacteria (25.32%) and Firmicutes (21.78%) were the most common microbes in oral cavity, while Firmicutes (45.21%) and Bacteroidetes (37.21%) were the most abundant microbes in the gut. At genus level, the top three microbes in the oral cavity included Prevotella(26.11%), Neisseria (12.39%), Porphyromonas(10.13%), while the top three microbes in the gut included Bacteroidetes(20.11%), Prevotella (9.13%), and Faecalibacterium (5.13%). There were significant alpha and beta differences in oral and intestinal microbial diversity.Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria are the dominant species in the oral cavity, while Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the dominant species in the gut. There are significant differences in species composition and abundance between oral and intestinal microorganisms.
Prevotella
Veillonella
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