Restoration of rapids habitat in a Great Lakes connecting channel, the St. Marys River, Michigan
Alejandro Molina‐MoctezumaEric EllisKevin L. KapuscinskiEdward F. RosemanTerry HeatlieAshley H. Moerke
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Abstract:
Aquatic habitat has been extensively altered throughout the Laurentian Great Lakes to increase navigation connectivity. In particular, the St. Marys River, a Great Lakes connecting channel, lost >50% of its historic rapids habitat over the past century. In 2016, the natural flow was restored to the Little Rapids area of the St. Marys River. The goal of our study was to evaluate physical and ecological responses to the restoration of the Little Rapids area. Extensive habitat and biological data were collected prior to restoration (2013 and 2014), and after restoration (2017 and 2018). Measured parameters included total suspended solids, current velocity, benthic macroinvertebrates, and larval, juvenile, and adult fishes. Total suspended solids stayed low (<4 mg/L) following restoration, with the exception of a single construction‐related event. Pre‐restoration data indicated that all measured velocities were below the target flow rate of 0.24 m/s, whereas 70% of the measured habitat was above the target flow post‐restoration. Abundance and richness of benthic macroinvertebrates were reduced following restoration (>90% reduction). We observed a 45% increase in richness of larval fish 2 years after restoration and a 131% increase in catch per unit effort. For adult fishes, the proportion of individuals with a preference for fast‐moving waters increased from 1.5 to 45% in the restored area, and from 7 to 15% upstream of the restored area; a similar response was observed for lithophilic spawners. The physical and biological conditions of the Little Rapids improved and resembled conditions typical of rapids habitat extent in other areas of the river and other systems.Keywords:
Restoration Ecology
Stream Restoration
Respiration studies of small benthic invertebrates are generally completed without regard to the inclusion of a substrate or the quantification of activity in the experimental chamber. We describe a new activity monitoring system for continuously recording the activity and oxygen consumption of small benthic invertebrates in water with the presence of a substrate. We used the freshwater amphipod Diporeia hoyi to test the new system. Activity rates were significantly higher without sediment than with sediment, and oxygen consumption was directly related to activity. Future invertebrate respiration studies, especially those with infaunal organisms, will benefit from such a system by allowing researchers to determine possible test condition - treatment interactions.
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The effects of piscicides on aquatic invertebrates are often studied after one treatment, even though piscicides may be repeatedly applied within river management. Here we investigate the impacts of repeated piscidie treatment on riverine benthic invertebrates. The River Ogna, Norway, was treated with rotenone three times over a 16-month period. The two first treatments caused temporary density reduction of a few rotenone sensitive benthic invertebrate taxa. Effects of the third treatment were variable with some taxa unaffected while all Plecoptera, were locally extinct. The toxic effect of rotenone increases with water temperature and high water temperature (20 °C) combined with high rotenone concentration was probably the main reason why the benthic community in the third treatment was more negatively affected than during the two previous treatments (4 and 8 °C). Eight months after the treatment benthic densities had not reached pre-treatment levels, but most taxa had recolonized the treated area within a year. Our data suggest that the severe effects of the third treatment were not influenced by the two former ones. This implies that the timing of piscicide treatment has a greater impact on the benthic invertebrate community than the number of treatments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Stainless steel screen cages were buried in the substrate of Otter Creek, Wisconsin, during spring 1976 and 1977 and the East River, Colorado, during summer 1977 and stocked with known densities of benthos, Cages were retrieved after 3 days of colonization and attrition from a given direction and species densities and distributions compared to those initially present. With increasing initial benthic density, the net change in numbers of invertebrates per cage decreased linearly, the net immigration decreased linearly, and the net emigration increased linearly. Benthic invertebrates preferred low density areas of substrate to high density areas of comparable physical‐chemical quality. Theoretical equilibrium cage densities indicated that given a consistent habitat, a consistent number and assemblage of benthic invertebrates will colonize. The most abundant species in both streams were categorized according to their observed immigration patterns as density‐dependent or density‐independent species; overall trends showed that most species were density‐dependent.
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Abstract. Imroatushshoolikhah, Ibrahim A, Sudarso J. 2019. Benthic invertebrates community in artificial substrates in Lake Maninjau, West Sumatra. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 5: 340-346. The littoral zone is a productive part of the lake. Buoyant Fish Attractor (BFA) is a technology that is installed in the littoral zone of Lake Maninjau in an effort to provide a new microhabitat for aquatic biota. One of the important biotas monitored in this BFA system is an invertebrate group. The group, especially the insect, is a source of food for local fish in Lake Maninjau. Artificial substrate for invertebrates with dimensions of 21 x 30 x 7 cms was assembled in three of the base BFA with a distance of about ± 70 cm from the surface of the water and ± 1.5 m from the bottom of the water. This study aims to determine the structure of invertebrate communities that colonize artificial substrates in the littoral zone of Lake Maninjau. Invertebrate sampling is carried out from July to September 2018 on each artificial substrate attached to the BFA. Benthic invertebrates samples are filtered, then preserved with 10% of formaldehyde. The results showed that there were a total 17 taxa of benthic invertebrates found on artificial substrates which attached in BFA. The group consists of Crustaceans, Insects, Oligochaetes, Molluscs, and Euhirudinea. Crustaceans (Ostracods) are the main colonizers of artificial substrates. The diversity of benthic invertebrates found was relatively low with the Shannon-Wiener Diversity index, ranged between 0.241 to 0.696, While the Evenness index ranged between 0.285 to 0.77. The Bray-Curtis similarity index showed that the benthic invertebrates who colonized three artificial substrates have a considerable degree of similarity. It can be concluded that, the artificial substrates which installed in the littoral zone of Maninjau Lake is capable of creating new microhabitat for invertebrates, especially Crustaceans (Ostracoda) and Insects.
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It is necessary to detect accurate effects of benthic invertebrates' communities on water temperature. Headwaters in mountains enable to detect accurate effects of benthic invertebrates on only water temperature. In order to evaluate the impacts of benthic invertebrates on water temperature, we investigated the quantitative relationship between water temperature and benthic invertebrates in the headwaters of the Natori River basin located at the middle of Miyagi prefecture. As results, the population of benthic invertebrates has a positive correlation with the number of taxa (R2=0.59, p<0.01). The Sorensen similarity index decreased significantly with the water temperature difference expanding (R2=0.15, p<0.01). The population densities of Plecoptera decreased significantly with the water temperature rising (R2=0.25, p<0.01).
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The diversity of benthic invertebrates in the Jiuzhaigou Nature Preserve was investigated from May and July to August in 2002 and July in2003. The result indicated that there were 45 species of benthic invertebrates in its main water body, belonging to 4 phyla, 5 classes, 10 orders, 30 families and 40 genera. Insecta was the richest and include 31 species (68.89% of the sum). There were 10 species of Gastropoda (22.22% of the sum) and only 1 species of Crustacea and Oligochaeta each which was the fewest (2.22% of the sum each). There were 2 species of Turbellaria (4.44% of the sum). Most of the benthic invertebrates distributed in the Jianzhuhai, Wuhuahai, Zhenzhu beach, Xiniuhai, Laohuhai and Luweihai.
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A new subsurface sampling technique for collecting macroinvertebrates in gravel‐bottom streams is described. The cylinder sampler collects all species whose presence is indicated by a Surber sampler, but the percentage composition of the population sampled is different. With this method, a far larger number of benthic invertebrates is obtained, making it possible to reduce the number of samples to 10 or less and yet obtain estimates within 20% of the true mean of the benthic invertebrate population inhabiting the top 17.5 cm of substrate.
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Though benthic invertebrates are an important indicator for determining biological quality in freshwater ecosystems, there are still significant deficiencies in their faunistic composition. This study aimed to determine the diversity and species composition of benthic macroinvertebrates in Sangi Stream, Izmir (Turkey). Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected monthly from February 2018 to March 2019 in predefined six sampling stations. As a result of the analysis, four benthic macroinvertebrate groups, including Crustacea, Oligochaeta, Gastropoda, and Insecta, were identified in the Sangi stream. The most dominant taxa were Insecta among all benthic macroinvertebrates. Using species-based biodiversity indices and analyses spatial similarities and differences were also determined. This study is the first study for determining Sangi Stream benthic fauna; that's why all taxa diagnosed in the stream has been recorded for the first time.
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An automated larval settlement sampler has been designed and tested in the field to examine the effects of environmental conditions on the recruitment of epifaunal and infaunal benthic invertebrates. The sampler (1) exposes substrates to settling larvae at four discrete levels of naturally varying environmental conditions (e.g. different tidal states, current speeds, light regimes), (2) repeatedly exposes substrates over a period (2–8 weeks) sufficient to accumulate measurable numbers of recruits, and (3) maintains unexposed substrates in an environment that does not result in unnatural levels of mortality. Preliminary field trials indicate that the device was effective in assessing recruitment responses of epifaunal invertebrates to diurnal variations in light level and infaunal invertebrates to variations in tidal state.
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