A comparative study of ultrasound and cross-sectional imaging for detection of small renal masses: anatomic factors and radiologist's experience
Fernando Ide YamauchiOmir Antunes PaivaThaís Caldara MussiMiguel José Francisco NetoRonaldo Hueb Baroni
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Objective: To evaluate anatomic factors and radiologist's experience in the detection of solid renal masses on ultrasonography.Methods: We searched for solid renal masses diagnosed on cross-sectional imaging from 2007 to 2017 that also had previous ultrasonography from the past 6 months.The following features were evaluated: nodule size, laterality, location and growth pattern, patient body mass index and radiologist's experience in ultrasound.In surgically resected cases, pathologic reports were evaluated.Unpaired t test and χ 2 test were used to evaluate differences among subgroups, using R-statistics.Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.Results: The initial search of renal nodules on cross-sectional imaging resulted in 428 lesions and 266 lesions were excluded.Final cohort included 162 lesions and, of those, 108 (67%) were correctly detected on ultrasonography (Group 1) and 54 (33%) were missed (Group 2).Comparison of Groups 1 and 2 were as follows, respectively: body mass index (27.7 versus 27.1; p=0.496), size (2.58cm versus 1.74cm; p=0.003), laterality (54% versus 59% right sided; p=0.832), location (27% versus 22% upper pole; p=0.869), growth pattern (25% versus 28% endophytic; p=0.131) and radiologist's experience (p=0.300).From surgically resected cases, histology available for Group 1 was clear cell (n=11), papillary (n=15), chromophobe (n=2) renal cell carcinoma, oncocytoma (n=1), and, for Group 2, clear cell (n=7), papillary (n=5) renal cell carcinoma, oncocytoma (n=2), angiomyolipoma, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, and interstitial pyelonephritis (n=1, each).Conclusion: Size was the only significant parameter related to renal nodule detection on ultrasound.Keywords:
Nodule (geology)
Renal mass
Renal mass
Value (mathematics)
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Seedlings of Myrica gale were grown aeroponically and inoculated with suspensions prepared from mature nodules of M gale plants or with a homogenized preparation of a pure culture of the actinomycete isolated from Comptonia nodules. Morphological, anatomical, and cytological studies were made of early nodule development in these plants, and comparisons were made with similar stages in Comptonia and Casuarina Root hair infection was followed by prenodule formation in a manner similar to that in Comptonia In M. gale, most nodules originated with one or two primary nodule lobes. Thereafter, secondary nodule lobes formed sparsely and in a precisely ordered sequence. In 3-mo-old seedlings, nodules with up to five nodule lobes were observed, but the majority of nodules at this age were still one-to-three lobed In Comptonia the number of primary nodule lobes is much higher than in M. gale. In M. gale nodule roots developed from many but not all nodule lobes, usually in an ordered sequence.
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Objective To investigate the clinical value of two dimensional ultrasound combined with four dimensional ultrasound in the prenatal diagnosis of fetal malformation.Method 1 298 Cases with late pregnant women who accepted prenatal screening were selected.Two dimensional ultrasound and four dimensional ultrasound were used in the diagnosis of fetal malformation.After the delivery,the diagnostic accuracy of single ultrasound and combined ultrasound examination was analyzed.Results In the diagnosis of fetal malformation,the sensitivity of four dimensional ultrasound was higher than that of two dimensional ultrasound,but the difference was not significant(P 0.05).The specificity and the accuracy of four dimensional ultrasound were significantly higher than those of two dimensional ultrasound.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of two dimensional ultrasound combined with four dimensional ultrasound were all significantly higher than those of two dimensional ultrasound,or four dimensional ultrasound,and the differences were significant(P 0.05).In the diagnosis of fetal surface malformations,the specificity and accuracy of four dimensional ultrasound were higher than those of two dimensional ultrasound.The sensitivity of two dimensional ultrasound combined with four dimensional ultrasound was higher than that of four dimensional ultrasound,but the differences were not significant(P 0.05).The sensitivity of four dimensional ultrasound or two dimensional ultrasound combined with four dimensional ultrasound was significantly higher than that of two dimensional ultrasound.The specificity and accuracy of two dimensional ultrasound combined with four dimensional ultrasound were significantly higher than those of two dimensional ultrasound and four dimensional ultrasound,and the differences were significant(P 0.05).Conclusion Two dimensional ultrasound combined with four dimensional ultrasound can significantly improve the prenatal diagnostic accuracy of fetal malformations,which has a high clinical value and is worthy to be widely used in clinic.
3D ultrasound
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直径2cm以下の肝細胞癌で,肝切除前に経カテーテル肝動脈塞栓術を行わなかった6例の肝切除例において,術前超音波像と病理組織所見との対比を行った.組織学的に完全または不完全な隔壁が5例(83.3%),被膜が4例(66.7%)に認められ,超音波所見と良く一致した.すなわち,超音波像でのseptum in nodule, nodule in noduleの所見は,組織学的な線維性の隔壁や隔壁によって分割された各葉の組織学的形態の相違によって生じることを確認した.septum in nodule像は,線維性隔壁への超音波ビームの入射角の違いで高エコーの,または低エコーの隔壁になるものと考えられた.線維性隔壁は連続切片の得られた1例で検討すと,癌の発育過程で穿破された被膜に由来するものであった.この様に結節型肝癌におけるse-ptum in nodule, nodule in noduleの各US像は細小肝細胞癌の臨床診断上極めて有用な所見である.
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In this case report, we present a pleomorphic adenoma that presented as a hard nodule on the upper lip in a man in his 30s. Differential diagnosis is necessary, as there are multiple causes of a nodule in the lip. The nodule was excised extracapsularly and a histopathological examination was performed. Although the tumor was found to be benign, there is a risk of late malignant conversion, which underscores the importance of prompt treatment.
Nodule (geology)
Histopathological examination
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