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    Testing the psychometric properties of the Turkish culture version of the self-efficacy scale for pediatric chronic illness
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    The developments in the technological areas like automotive industry, computation, communication and media sectors accelerate the percentage of the borrowings that enter into Turkish from foreign languages, especially from English. The present study was carried out with the aim of determining the attitude of the young Turkish people towards the borrowings that enter in their native language through such novelties. It also tried to analyze the success and acceptance of the Turkish words that have been produced to replace such borrowings. The findings of the study revealed that young Turkish people mainly prefer to use the borrowed words rather than their Turkish counterparts. It was observed that majority of the target borrowed items could not be replaced with Turkish counterparts yet. The reason for this situation might be that such usages are viewed as more prestigious by the young Turkish people. Besides, the Turkish words that are produced to replace the borrowings seem not to be introduced to young people adequately.
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    Since the 1960s Germany has seen the arrival of a considerable number of immigrants, mainly from Turkey. The Turkish language, the religion of the Turkish people and other Turkish groups manifest themselves in their naming traditions. The Turkish history, culture and language (also of other groups who speak a Turkish language) is unknown in Germany. The present paper is the beginning of a project of a Turkish dictionary with Turkish names.
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    Interactions between Turkish and Balkan languages began with Hun raids to Europe and reached a peak level during the Ottoman Period. Even though Balkan languages and Turkish belong to different language families, similarities exist between these languages along with many common words (cognates). This is because these nations shared the same political system from the 14 th century until 1912, and have had common or similar cultures up to now, influencing each other in all aspects of life. As language is a living entity shaped by culture, it is inevitable for cultural interactions resulting from centuries of co-existence to be reflected in language. The purpose of the study is to determine the effects of the similarities between Turkish and Balkan languages on Turkish-learning processes of students from Balkan countries and on their attitude towards Turkish. The study was conducted on a group of students with Balkan nationalities learning Turkish at Istanbul University Language Center. The data was obtained by means of “The Scale of Attitude to Turkish” which was designed by the researcher. In addition, the students involved were individually interviewed so as to determine to what extent similarities between their native languages and Turkish affect their Turkish learning process. It is thought that the results of the study will provide facilitating clues not only for students coming to Turkey from Balkan countries and learning Turkish but also for instructers teaching Turkish.
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    В статье анализируется опыт анкетирования туркоговорящих студентов, факультативно изучающих РКИ в турецком неязыковом вузе, описываются предшествующие исследования подобного рода в турецких вузах. Подробно рассматривается опыт собственного анкетирования турецких студентов в университете Ящар (г. Измир, Турция). В результате выяснены возрастные особенности учащихся, цели изучения РКИ, предпочтительные способы освоения языка, а также трудности, с которыми сталкиваются студенты в учебном процессе. В соответствии с полученными данными дается ряд методических указаний, способных повысить эффективность факультативного обучения РКИ в турецком неязыковом вузе. This article analyzes the experience of a Turkish-speaking students questioning who optionally learn Russian as a foreign language in a Turkish non-linguistic university, anticipating it by a description of previous studies of this kind in Turkish universities. The experience of the own questioning of Turkish students at Yashar University (Izmir, Turkey) is considered in detail. As a result, the age characteristics of the students, the goals of learning Russian as a foreign language, the preferred ways of learning the language, and the difficulties faced by students in the educational process have been clarified. In accordance with the data obtained, a number of guidelines are given that can improve the efficiency of optional training of RLT in a Turkish non-linguistic university.

    Proverbs, which are societal phrases expressed by communities by transferring centuries-old life experiences to certain patterns, provide important clues to the philosophy, cultural codes, beliefs, lifestyles, and systems of thought of these communities. These concise quotations, which represent “summaries” of societies, have an important place in the Turkish language. Proverbs are found in almost every source written in the Turkish language, starting from the Orhun inscriptions and reaching elimination. Even the proverbs in the earliest Turkish sources have been transferred from the ancient to the present day and are used daily in variants of the Turkish language. Gagavuz Turkish and Turkey Turkish, which belong to the same written language group of Turkic, are two languages  with cultural and morphological similarities. The religious beliefs of the Gagavuz, who are referred to as the “Christian Turkish community” in the sources, and some of the experiences brought by their religions are separated, while many common characteristics of the Anatolian Turkish community are reflected in their lifestyle, traditions, and customs. Among these cultural elements, proverbs feed and develop from the same source. In this study, Gagavuz Turkish, one of the Oguz group’s written languages, and proverbs in Turkey Turkish are compared with regard to the subject of women and family. This study aims to include as many prominent proverbs as possible under the heading of “women and family life”. The proverbs in these two languages are compared semantically to examine the importance of the family in Turkish society, specifically the role of the man, the place of the child in the family and brotherhood, and the family proposition and progeny. The similarities or differences in the proverbs from the two language variants are described by providing examples that reveal the existence of women and family life in these communities. 

    The aim of this study was to determine Turkish trainee teachers' epistemological beliefs and to examine them with respect to some variables. The study group was composed of 331 Turkish trainee teachers studying at Dumupınar University Education Faculty. Data were collected using the Turkish version of the Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire (Deryakulu & Büyüköztürk, 2002, 2005; Schommer, 1990). It was found that trainee teachers' beliefs that learning depends on effort rather than ability were sophisticated compared to their other beliefs; while the belief that there is only one unchanging truth was naïve compared to their other beliefs. Turkish trainee teachers' epistemological beliefs differed significantly in terms of gender. That is, female students believed more than did males that learning depends on effort rather than ability.
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    The aim of this paper is to describe ideas that students learning Turkish in Lithuania have about Turkish culture and Turkish people. A descriptive method was used in the research. The data for the research was collected from 15 students who learn Turkish at Vilnius University in Vilnius, Lithuania. For the participating in the research students, “An Emotional Meaning Scale about Turkish Culture and Turkish People” was used. The students were asked to identify positive and negative attributes connected with Turkish culture and Turkish people. The data was grouped according to frequency (f) values and interpreted accordingly. The research revealed that the students evaluate Turkish culture and Turkish people positively and that the positive ideas belong to a high level. Keywords: Teaching Turkish to foreigners, Lithuania, Turkish culture, Turkish people.
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