MiR529a controls plant height, tiller number, panicle architecture and grain size by regulating SPL target genes in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
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Panicle
Tiller (botany)
Genetically modified rice
Grain Quality
A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of plant growth regulator,GA3and NAA,on the percentage of productive tiller and structure of panicle and grain of super rice with Liangyoupeijiu,Y Liangyou No. 1,Yuxiangyouzhan and Huanghuazhan as materials. The results showed that the percentage of productive tiller was increased by 15. 69% ~ 34. 77% and 11. 35% ~ 17. 64% respectively after spraying of GA3and NAA,and the grains number per panicle was increased by 9. 02 ~ 11. 28 and 7. 72 ~ 11. 58 and the yield was increased by 6. 58% ~ 14. 02% and 7. 64% ~ 11. 44%,respectively. So spraying of GA3and NAA can improve the yield by controlling the occurrence and growth of unproductive tillers of super rice,increasing the grains number per panicle and delaying the senescence of root system.
Panicle
Tiller (botany)
Growth regulator
Rice plant
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The effects of the tiller-inhibitor(TI) on th e growth and yield formation of the early super hybrid rice Jinyou 458 were stud ied.Compared with the check(no TI sprayed),the TI treatment(1.5 kg/hm2 of TI sprayed at the SN-n stage or critical leaf stage of effective tillers; N=No.of leaves on main culm,n=No.of elongated internodes) reduced invalid an d smaller tillers resulting in a marked increase of the proportion of the big ef fective tillers with 4 or more leaves at the maximal tiller stage,increased the panicle length,spikelets per panicle,spikelet density,secondary branches and the spikelets and seed setting rate on them,plant height and LAI and biomass i n the middle and late growing stages,strengthened the photosynthetic capacity b y increasing leaf temperature of the top three leaves and improving the populati on light transmission at the booting stage and raising the leaf SPAD values,but it elongated the internodes of plants and decreased the stem thickness.Therefo re,the TI treatment finally increased the grain yield for a coordinative improv ement in such characteristics as the panicle-bearing tiller rate,productive pa nicles,spikelets per panicle,seed setting rate and grain weight.
Panicle
Tiller (botany)
Plant stem
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Abstract The research aims to analyse the growth and production of several upland rice varieties under shaded conditions. Factorial randomized block design was used in this study, and treatments were as follows: Shading (N) which consisted of 3 levels of treatments, namely N0 (un-shaded), N1 (30% shaded), N2 (60% shaded); and upland rice varieties (G) which were consisted of G1 (Ciherang), G2 (Situ Bagendit), G3 (Kabir 07) and G4 (Malaysian upland rice). Results showed that low light intensity due to shading treatments supressed plant height growth, reduced the number of productive tillers, delayed flowering time and reduced grain yield. Significant difference were observed in the panicle number, panicle length, grain weight and plant dry weight parameters, but showed no significant effect on plant height, tiller numbers, panicle exit age and total grain content. While variety treatments showed significant differences in the parameters of 15 and 30 DAP (days after planting), panicle numbers and plant dry weight. However, difference in showed insignificant effect on plant height 45 DAP (days after planting), tiller numbers, panicle exit age, panicle length, and grain weight. It is also reported that interactions were observed between treatments on all parameter observed, except on panicle exit age.
Panicle
Tiller (botany)
Shading
Upland rice
Dry weight
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Abstract The development of machine-transplanted hybrid rice is a feasible approach to meet the needs of both high grain yield and high labor efficiency in China, but limited information is available on the critical plant traits associated with high grain yields in machine-transplanted hybrid rice. This study was carried out to identify which type of culms ( i.e ., main stems and primary and secondary tillers) and which yield components of this culm are critical to achieving high grain yields in machine-transplanted hybrid rice. Field experiments were conducted with two hybrid rice cultivars grown under two densities of machine transplanting in two years. Results showed that total grain yield of main stems and primary and secondary tillers was not significantly affected by cultivar but was significantly affected by density and year. Averaged across cultivars, densities, and years, main stems and primary and secondary tillers contributed about 15%, 50%, and 35% to total grain yield, respectively. Total grain yield was not significantly related to grain yields of main stems and secondary tillers but was positively and significantly related to grain yield of primary tillers. Approximately 85% of the variation in total grain yield was explained by grain yield of primary tillers, which was positively and significantly related to primary-tiller panicles per m 2 but not to spikelets per panicle, spikelet filling percentage, or grain weight of primary tillers. Based on these results, it is concluded that primary-tiller panicle number is essential for achieving high grain yields in machine-transplanted hybrid rice.
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Tiller (botany)
Transplanting
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Abstract The research experiment conducted on the farmer paddy field in Ranomeeto village, District of South Konawe, Indonesia from January to May 2022, to evaluate the yield attributing characters and the grain yield in some new promising lines or cultivar of red rice. The red rice lines tested are GS12-1, GS12-2, GS16-1, GS16-2, GS44-1, and control variety Inpari-33, were laid out and arranged in field using randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications. The parameter measured were plant height, tiller density, productive tiller density, flowering time, harvesting times, panicle length, panicle density, filled grain percentage, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield. Differences between promising lines of red rice were found to exist when data on various yield-attributing features and grain yield were analysed. GS16-1 (89.37 cm) was the tallest plant and GS12-2 the shortest (72.74 cm). GS16-2 had the longest panicle (25.96 cm) and most grains per panicle (146.62). GS44-1 full grains, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield were highest. G12-1 lines had the most productive tillers, days to flowering, and harvest. Tiller number and productivity are positively correlated (0.908**). Tillers, productive tillers, and full grains percentage positively affect grain yield per plant.
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Tiller (botany)
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Abstract The heading date and effective tiller percentage are important traits in rice, and they directly affect plant architecture and yield. Both traits are related to the ratio of the panicle number to the maximum tiller number, referred to as the panicle ratio (PR). In this study, an automatic PR estimation model (PRNet) based on a deep convolutional neural network was developed. Ultra-high-definition unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images were collected from cultivated rice varieties planted in 2384 experimental plots in 2019 and 2020 and in a large field in 2021. The determination coefficient between estimated PR and ground-measured PR reached 0.935, and the root mean square error values for the estimations of the heading date and effective tiller percentage were 0.687 d and 4.84%, respectively. Based on the analysis of the results, various factors affecting PR estimation and strategies for improving PR estimation accuracy were investigated. The satisfactory results obtained in this study demonstrate the feasibility of using UAVs and deep learning techniques to replace ground-based manual methods to accurately extract phenotypic information of crop micro targets (such as grains per panicle, panicle flowering, etc.) for rice and potentially for other cereal crops in future research.
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Tiller (botany)
Paddy field
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The study was under the condition of Heilongjiang reclamation cold area,based on the system analysis of the panicle quantity types and panicle weight types individuals in different stages,which the colony tillers were controlled.The results showed that panicle quantity types,which was 80% of the plan,main used the 0、0-2、0-3、0-4、0-3-1 tillers.When it was 100% of the plan,it main used 0、0-2、0-3、0-4、0-5、0-2-1 tillers.The panicle weight types both use 0、0-3、0-4、0-5 tillers,when it was 80% or 100% of the plan.No matter panicle quantity types or panicle weight types,compared with CK,the two tiller control treatments both could improve seed-setting rate of each tiller level.
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Using split-plot design, the effects of the nitrogen application amount and planting density on the yield were studied with double-cropping super late rice Tianyouhuazhan. The results showed that the grain yield and its 4 components were influenced significantly (P＜0.01) by nitrogen application, and the grain yield, effective panicle and spikelets per panicle were influenced significantly (P＜0.05) by planting density. The interaction of nitrogen application amount and planting density had very significant influence on effective panicle (P＜0.01) and spikelets per panicle (P＜0.05). The grain yield, biomass, total N uptake, nitrogen requirement for 100kg grain production, max. No. of tillers, tiller panicle rate and effective panicle were increased, with increased nitrogen application at the range of 0 to 210kg/hm^2, but the effective panicle forming rate was decreased. The biomass, total N uptake, nitrogen requirement for 100kg grain production, the max. No. of tillers and effective panicles increased with the increase of planting density from 18×10^4 to 30×10^4 hill•hm^2, but the tiller panicle rate and effective panicle forming rate decreased. The tiller panicle rate, nitrogen requirement for 100kg grain production were significantly linearly related to the yield, while a parabolic relationship was found between biomass, total N uptake and yield. The experiment showed it was favorable for increasing the yield of Tianyouhuazhan under the combination of 210kg/hm^2 N and 24×10^4 hill/hm^2-30×10^4 hill/hm^2.
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Rice varietal differences were compared between japonica type (JAT) and indica type (INT) and between panicle number type (PNT) and panicle weight type (PWT) in terms of tiller and panicle development. Rice varieties PNT-JAT Hinohikari, PWT-JAT Akenohoshi, PNT-INT IR36, and PWT-INT Takanari were used in the field experiments. Tiller bud formation and tiller leaf emergence occurred slightly later in the PWT than in the PNT varieties. These parameters occurred slightly earlier in the INT than in the JAT varieties. The maximum number of tillers was greater in IR36 than in Takanari, Hinohikari, and Akenohoshi. The number of panicles per unit area (PN) was greater in IR36 and Hinohikari than in Akenohoshi and Takanari. The widths of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) just before panicle initiation were in the order of Akenohoshi > Hinohikari = Takanari > IR36. The number of spikelets per panicle (SN) was in the order of Takanari = Akenohoshi > IR36 > Hinohikari. In conclusion, the PWT varieties, which had relatively wider SAM, presented with the promotion of main shoot development and the suppression of tiller development. Consequently, PN decreased and SN increased in PWT varieties. INT varieties presented with the promotion of tiller and rachis branch development, which resulted in increases in both PN and SN. These developmental factors may determine varietal differences in the total number of spikelets per unit area.Abbreviations CGR: crop growth rate; DEL: differences between the numbers of emerged leaves in the tiller and those in the main shoot; DIL: differences between the number of initiated leaves in the tiller and those in the main shoot; INT: indica type; JAT: japonica type; MLAI: mean leaf area index; NAR: net assimilation rate; PN: the number of panicles per unit area; SN: the number of spikelets per panicle; PNT: panicle number type; PWT: panicle weight type; SAM: shoot apical meristem; TSN: the total number of spikelets per unit area
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Tiller (botany)
Japonica rice
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The tillering dynamics, composition of panicles and yield under different transplanting densities were studied with two hybrid rice combinations, Zhongyou 6 and Liangyou Peijiu as the materials. The results showed that sparse planting promoted the emergence of tillers and resulted in the delay of maximal tiller stage and elongation of the period of productive tillers. Compared with the planting density of 19.5 hills/m~2, the planting densities of 13.5 hills/m~2 and 7.5 hills/m~2 were delayed one and two weeks, respectively, in maximal tiller stage. With the decrease of planting densities, the percentage of the tillers emerged in the middle and late stages and their productive tiller rate increased. There was a great difference in the number of grains per panicle but not much difference in seed setting percentage between early tillers and late tillers, so the difference in yield was mainly resulted from the difference in the number of grains per panicle. With the decrease of planting densities, the yield of the hybrids with weak tillering capacity decreased dramatically while no yield difference was found in the hybrids with strong tillering capacity.
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Tiller (botany)
Transplanting
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