New Insight into Carboxylic Acid Metabolisms and pH Regulations During Insoluble Phosphate Solubilisation Process by Penicillium oxalicum PSF-4
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Malic acid
Oxalic Acid
Gluconic acid
Organic acid
Relieving effects of different organic acids on wheat seedling under lead stress were studied in this paper.The results showed that low concentration of oxalic acid and acetic acid could increase the content of chlorophyll,enhance the activities of SOD,CAT and POD,and decrease the content of MDA,while high concentration of oxalic acid,acetic acid and citric acid had no apparent relieving effects.Acetic acid could reduce active absorbing area of roots while citric acid could increase roots activity.Among the tested organic acids,oxalic acid had the strongest relieving effect.
Oxalic Acid
Organic acid
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The paper studied the effects of applying malic acid with different amounts on nonvolatile organic acid in tobacco by potted plant.The result showed the treatment 1 g/L reduced the content of nonvolatile organic acid in upper leaf and cutters,but increased that of lower leaf.The treatment 2 g/L and 3 g/L did little significance.All the malic acids treatments increased the proportion of polypolidy carboxylic acid in nonvolatile organic acid.What's more,the more the amount of malic acid was applied,the higher the content of polypolidy carboxylic acid and malic acid were.All the malic acids treatments reduced the content and proportion of saturated fatty acid and None-Saturated fatty acid in nonvolatile organic acids.So applying malic acid took active effects on improving leaf quality.
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Organic acid
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Abstract The potential for extraction of copper from wood treated with micronised, nano or soluble forms of copper has been evaluated in view of chemical remediation. In focus were EDTA, oxalic acid, bioxalate, and d -gluconic acid for extraction of Cu from treated wood. Bioxalate extractions for 24 h resulted in Cu removal over 95% for all tested materials, and the effectiveness of oxalic acid extraction was very similar to that of nano-CuO-treated wood. Bioxalate was more effective than oxalic acid in removing Cu from ACQ-D, MCQ, MCA, CA-C and Cu-ethanolamine treated wood. d -gluconic acid extractions resulted in the lowest Cu removal for nano-CuO even though d -gluconic acid was effective for all other materials. As the pH of d -gluconic acid decreased, Cu removal was improved except for nano-CuO. There is no distinctive difference in Cu removal from wood treated with ACQ-D, MCQ, CA-C, MCA and Cu-ethanolamine.
Oxalic Acid
Gluconic acid
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Changes in organic acid contents and their relationship with relevant enzyme activities in nectarine fruits Chaohongzhu were studied.Results show that nectarine fruit total acid content hits a peak 49 days after full blossom and then gradually declines during later fruit development stages.Malic acid has similar change pattern as total acids,but citric acid gradually increases in content during fruit development with little reduction in the ripening stage of the fruit.Analysis on the activities of organic acids in relation to relevant enzymes shows no relation between citrate synthase activity(CS) and citric acid content.Increase in the activity of malic enzyme(ME) in the late period of nectarine fruit development accelerates degradation of malic acid in fruits.There is a significant correlation between malate dehydrogenase(MDH) activity and fruit malic acid content.This shows that nectarine fruit organic acid content can be reduced by MDH activity inhibition and enhancement of ME activity.This can equally increase the sugar to acid ratio of nectarine fruits.
Malic acid
Organic acid
Malate dehydrogenase
Malic enzyme
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Gluconic acid
Aspergillus niger
Oxalic Acid
Phosphorite
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Significant variation in organic acid components was detected in mature fruits of 101 apple accessions using high-performance liquid chromatography. The Malus species predominantly accumulated malic acid and citric acid, whereas wild fruits exhibited significantly higher levels of organic acid content than that in cultivated fruits. Differential accumulation patterns during fruit developmental stages was detected between malic acid and citric acid, thus suggesting a complex genetic regulation mechanism of organic acid metabolism in apple fruit. A highly positive correlation was detected between fruit total organic acid content with malic acid and citric acid content, thus suggesting that malic acid and citric acid are the principal determinants of apple fruit acidity. In contrast to malic acid, citric acid was predominantly detected in partial wild apples, while extremely low to undetectable concentrations of citric acid were observed in cultivated apple fruits; this is likely due to the genetic effects of parental characters. Our results provide vital information that could be useful for future studies on genetic analysis and improvement of organic acid accumulation in apple fruits.
Malic acid
Malus
Organic acid
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The contents of organic acids and the activities of organic acid-metabolizing enzymes,including citrate synthase (CS), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase(PEPC), Aconitase(ACO), and malate dehydrogenase(MDH) were measured during the fruit development of Xinshiji apricot,and their correlations were analyzed. The results showed that there were malic acid and citric acid in fresh apricot fruit,and malic acid was the dominant (95%) in ripe fruit. Concentration of organic acid gradually increased during fruit development and peaked 51 days after anthesis and then declined slightly. Correlation analysis showed that a positive correlation was observed between the content of malic acid and the activity of MDH,while there was a significant negative correlation between the content of malic acid and the activity of CS and ACO. The content of citric acid was positively relevant with CS,and significantly negatively relevant with MDH,with the correlation coefficient being 0.8675*. It is suggested that CS,MDH and ACO were the main enzymes in organic acid accumulation of apricot fruit.,but not PEPC.
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
Malic acid
Organic acid
Malate dehydrogenase
Malic enzyme
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The paper studied the effects of applying malic acid in different time on nonvolatile organic acid in cured leaf by potted plant.The result showed applying malic acid on 20 days after transplanting increased the content of nonvolatile organic acids in upper leaf and cutters,but reduced lower leaf's.Applying malic acid on 40 days after transplanting increased the content of nonvolatile organic acids in cutters,but reduced upper and lower leaf's.Applying malic acid on 60 days after transplanting was not significant effect on the content of nonvolatile acids in upper and lower leaf,but reduced cutter's.Applying malic acid in different time increased the content and proportion of polypolidy carboxylic acids,but reduced that of higher fatty acid in nonvolatile organic acids.This effect had a reduced trend with the time of applying malic acid being postponed.The test showed the earlier the malic acid was applied,the more significant of the effect was,which increased the total content of nonvolatile organic acids and the content and proportion of polypolidy carboxylic acids,but reduced that of higher fatty acid in cured leaf.
Malic acid
Organic acid
Transplanting
Succinic acid
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There are significant differences of organic acid secretion among species that with different Al-tolerant levels under Al stress.Organic acid is produced during the tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway.However,the relationship between organic acid secretion differences and organic acid metabolism are still needed to be identified.This experiment was performed by two wheat(Tritium aestivum L.) cultivars,ET8(Al-resistant) and ES8(Al-sensitive).Effects of Al on endogenous malic acid content,activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase(PEPC),citrate synthase(CS) and malate dehydrogenase(MDH) were studied.Results were as fellows: the contents of endogenous malic acid were not affected by Al(0,25,50,and 100(mol-L-1),and there were no differences between ET8 and ES8 when they received same treatment.The endogenous malic acid contents were(0.48±0.01),(0.46±0.03),(0.57±0.02),(0.52±0.02) nmol-root apex-1 and(0.45±0.02),(0.51±0.09),(0.51±0.1),(0.54±0.04) nmol-root apex-1,respectively of ET8 and ES8.Compared with Al free treatment,activities of PEPC were increased significantly under Al(50 or 100(mol-L-1) treatment,but not CS or MDH.The activities of PEPC(or CS,MDH) of ET8 and ES8 were close to each other under the same treatment.In conclusion,the malic acid secretion differences of different Al-tolerant wheat were independent on the endogenous malic acid content and the organic acid metabolism.
Malic acid
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
Organic acid
Tricarboxylic acid
Malic enzyme
Malate dehydrogenase
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Aluminum(Al) toxicity is the most important factor limiting plant growth and development on acid soil(pH 5.5).Hydroponic experiments were used to investigate the effects of exogenous organic acids on root exudation of two rape genotypes,Heza No.7(Al-tolerant) and Zhongnongyou No.6(Al-sensitive),under the condition of Al stress.The result showed that exogenous organic acid(citrate and malate) had good mitigation affect for rape,especially for Zhongnongyou No.6,but its didn't completely mitigate the aluminum toxicity.Comprehensive analyzing evaluation by the method of subjection function showed that malic acid had the best mitigation effects for root exudation,and citrate and malate had the better effect for root exudation.
Malic acid
Organic acid
Limiting
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