Biodegradable diblock copolymeric PEG-PCL nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and applications as anticancer drug delivery agents
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Polymersome
Biocompatibility
Targeted drug delivery
Phospholipids, dendrimers, and polymers are each able to assemble to form vesicles, but each has limitations such as leakiness and multistep syntheses. A new class of versatile amphiphilic block copolymers is reported containing hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) and polystyrene (PS) units. These compounds self-assemble into polymersomes (HPGsomes). Under solvent exchange methods, amphiphilic polystyrene-HPG diblock (PS-b-HPG) structures are self-assembled and characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The assemblies are robust up to 95 °C in polar, protic solvents, and encapsulate dyes with minimal release. Polymersomes are typically assembled from linear amphiphilic polymers; however, it is shown that combining linear and hyperbranched polymers is a feasible strategy to encapsulation.
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Polystyrene
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Drug delivery with nanoparticulate carriers is a new and upcoming research area that is making major changes within the pharmaceutical industry. Nanoparticulate carriers are discussed, particularly, engineered nanoparticulate carriers used as drug delivery systems for targeted delivery. Nanoparticulate carriers that are used for drug delivery systems include polymers, micelles, dendrimers, liposomes, ceramics, metals, and various forms of biological materials. The properties of these nanoparticulate carriers are very advantageous for targeted drug delivery and result in efficient drug accumulation at the targeted area of interest, reduced drug toxicity, reduced systemic side effects, and more efficient use of the drug overall. Nanoparticlulate carriers are effective in passing various biological impediments and have a relatively high cellular uptake compared to that of microparticulate carriers, which allows for the drug agent to reach a targeted cell or tissue. The use of nanoparticulate carriers for drug delivery results in a prolonged and sustained release of the drug which ultimately reduces the cost and amount of doses that need to be administered to the patient. Currently, there is extensive research of nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers for challenging disease treatment cases such as cancer, HIV, and diabetes.
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Biocompatible polymersomes are prepared from amphiphilic block copolypeptoids with aggregation-induced emission, where the hydrophobic block P(TPE-NAG) is a tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-modified poly(N-allylglycine) and the hydrophilic block is polysarcosine. These nanoparticles are non-cytotoxic and show strong fluorescence emission in aqueous solution.
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Tetraphenylethylene
Aqueous medium
Biocompatible material
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Hyperbranched copolymers self assembled from polymersomes to aggregates and encapsulated both hydrophilic/hydrophobic molecules but with varied retention proficiency depending upon the medium pH.
Polymersome
Branching (polymer chemistry)
Side chain
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Polymersome
Nanoreactor
Rational design
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Amphiphilic graft copolymers composed of biocompatible bacterial poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) and poly(ethylene glycol) have been synthesized by thiol–ene addition. They were demonstrated to form well-defined nanoscale vesicles in water by cryo-transmission electron microscopy.
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Herein we report the synthesis of an amphiphilic miktoarm star terpolymer and combine it with an equivalent diblock copolymer to form polymersomes with controlled surface topology. The three branches are ligated onto a central maleimide moiety in a reaction sequence that exploits various "click" chemistries. The final star was self-assembled with a linear block copolymer to generate a "patchy" surface on vesicles.
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Moiety
Star (game theory)
Maleimide
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Fluorocarbon
Amphiphilic molecule
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