Antibacterial activity of Acanthus sennii extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli pathogens
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Abstract:
Medicinal plants offer a major and accessible source of health care to people living in developing countries. Increasing drug resistant microbial infections intensified the search for new, safer, and more efficacious agents against microbial infections. Acanthus sennii is one of the medicinal plants used traditionally for the treatment of different infectious diseases in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate antibacterial activity of A. sennii against pathogenic bacteria. Plant materials were extracted by maceration technique with chloroform, ethanol and water solvents. The antibacterial activities of the crude extracts of the plant were carried out by the agar well diffusion method. Broth dilution method was used to determine minimum inhibitory and streak plate bactericidal concentration of extracts. The results revealed that ethanol extracts of leaves revealed high antibacterial activity against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone of 14±0.6 mm at 25 mg/ml and 17±0.7 mm at 50 mg/ml. Ethanol extracts of buds showed high antibacterial activity against standard strains of S. aureus with inhibition zone of 25.7±0.7 mm at 100 mg/ml, also against standard strains of E. coli with inhibition zone of 16 mm at 50 mg/ml and 23.7 mm at 100 mg/ml. The mean minimum inhibitory concentration of 5.2±1.8 and 2.6±0.5 mg/ml was recorded for ethanol extract of leaves against standard strains of E. coli and clinical isolates of S. aureus; the mean minimum bactericidal concentration of 4.2±1.0 mg/ml with ethanol extract of leaves against standard strains of S. aureus; and the mean minimum bactericidal concentration of 12.5 mg/ml against standard strains and clinical isolates of E. coli. The result showed that A. sennii could be a candidate in the search for new antibacterial agents against these bacteria and its use in ethnomedicinal treatment of infectious diseases used by local communities may be validated. Isolating bio-active components and determining toxicity are future agenda.
Keywords: Acanthus sennii, Antibacterial activity, E. coli, Minimum inhibition concentration, Minimum bactericidal concentration, S. aureus
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Maceration (sewage)
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<b><i>Background:</i></b> Chinfloxacin is a novel synthetic fluoroquinolone with a structure similar to moxifloxacin. The in vitro activity of chinfloxacin was evaluated in the current study. <b><i>Method:</i></b> Chinfloxacin was tested against a total of 1,739 clinical isolates representing 23 species using the agar dilution method. Studies of bactericidal activity, including minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) and time-kill curve determinations, were conducted according to the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC)<sub>50</sub>s and MIC<sub>90</sub>s of chinfloxacin were found to be the same or 2-fold lower than those of moxifloxacin against gram-positive isolates except for <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> (against which chinfloxacin showed similar MIC<sub>50</sub> as moxifloxacin but 2-fold higher MIC<sub>90</sub>), and the same as or 2-fold higher than those of moxifloxacin against gram-negative isolates. Chinfloxacin showed potent bactericidal activity with MBC/MIC ratios in the range of 1–2 for almost all the isolates tested. Time-kill curves further demonstrated chinfloxacin as a concentration-dependent bactericidal agent usually effective at concentrations of 2 MIC or higher. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Chinfloxacin showed similar in vitro activity as moxifloxacin.
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Plants with medicinal value produce certain chemical elements known as phytochemicals that have antibacterial activity. The study was aimed at determining the antibacterial activity of Vernonia amygdalina against bacterial isolates using agar well diffusion method. In addition, the phytochemicals analysis of the extracts was also determined. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of saponins, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids. The result of Vernonia amygdalina showed that the average zones of inhibitions observed against these bacterial ranges from 6-22mm. The highest zone is also exhibited against E. coli with average diameter of zone of inhibition of 22mm. At 100mg/ml concentration for Samonella, the zone of inhibition was recorded to be 21mm while at 12.5mg/ml there was no inhibition. At 25mg/ml and 12.5mg/ml, against Pseudomonas there was no inhibition. In other to further confirm the activity of these plant extracts, the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration was determined and the result showed that the extract exerted good antibacterial activity on all the test organisms at different concentration. The result of minimum inhibitory concentration ranges from 10 to 12.5mg/ml and that of MBC ranges from 5 to 20mg/ml. It is worthy to note that MBC values is greater than that of minimum inhibitory concentration. The study provides insight into the antibacterial activities of the plant extracts and its use in the treatment of bacterial infections.
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To determine a correlation of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of sitafloxacin determined by agar dilution method with inhibition zone diameter of sitafloxacin determined by disk diffusion method, and to determine inhibition zone, diameter breakpoints of sitafloxacin against resistant gram-negative bacilli isolated from Thai patients.The study bacteria were 332 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli including ESBL-producing E. coli, ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa andA. baumannii. Each isolate of the present study bacteria was tested for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of sitafloxacin by agar dilution method and inhibition zone diameter of sitafloxacin by disk diffusion method.The MICs and inhibition zone diameters of sitafloxacin against gram-negative bacilli were well correlated (correlation coefficient -0.926, p-value < 0.001). The inhibition zone diameter > or = 15 mm had the least total error for determining susceptibility to sitafloxacin based on MIC value of sitafloxacin but the inhibition zone diameter > or = 16 mm had less false susceptibility than that of > or = 15 mm when compared with sitafloxacin MIC < or = 2 mg/l that was considered susceptible. The inhibition zone diameter > or = 19 mm had the least total error for determining susceptibility to sitafloxacin based on MIC value of sitafloxacin but the inhibition zone diameter > or = 18 mm had less false susceptibility than that of > or = 19 mm when compared with sitafloxacin MIC < or = 1 mg/l that was considered susceptible.For the susceptibility test of sitafloxacin against resistant gram-negative bacilli by disk diffusion method, the inhibition zone diameter > or = 16 mm and > or = 18 mm seem to be the appropriate breakpoints for susceptibility for resistant gram-negative bacilli isolated from urine and blood, respectively, since the serum concentration of sitafloxacin is rather low whereas the urinary concentration of sitafloxacin is much higher.
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【Objective】In-vitro antibacterial activity of the combination of Herba Violae(HV)and Herba Taraxaci(HT)in different proportions was compared and analyzed for the optimization of the combination proportion of Herba Violae and Herba Taraxaci and the influencing factors.【Methods】The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of the combination of HV and HT was determined by agar double dilution method and the minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)by broth dilution method,and bactericidal curve was traced.Meanwhile,the resistance of the combination of HV and HT induced by sub-inhibitory concentration was analyzed,and the influencing factors of in-vitro antibacterial activity were investigated.【Results】The combination of HV and HT in the proportion of 1∶4 had a better antibacterial activity on four kinds of gram-positive bacteria and on four kinds of gramnegative bacteria,and exerted an bactericidal effect on Escherichia coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae(both MBC_(50)/MIC_(50) and MBC_(90)/MIC_(90) being 2).The bactericidal curve showed that 2?Log cfu/mL bacteria strain could be killed by the combination of the proportion being 1∶4 at 8~(th) hour,the effect being superior to that of other two combinations.Inoculation dosage,serum amount and pH value had no effect on in-vitro antibacterial activity.【Conclusion】The combination of HV and HT in the proportion of 1∶4 has a better antibacterial activity.
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Introduction: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (75-90 %) is the most common organism found in the urine culture of women with UTI. The use of antibiotics to treat UTIs often lead to antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop research on herbals for the treatment UTI. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is known to have antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms. Based on this background, the aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of ginger against UPEC and the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) of UPEC.
Methods: This research was done by a true experimental method. MIC and MBC are determined using agar dilution method. The McFarland 0.5 suspension of UPEC is inoculated on agar with six different ginger concentrations, ie 2000 mg / ml, 1000 mg / ml, 500 mg / ml, 250 mg / ml, 125 mg / ml, and 62.5 mg / ml. The plates are incubated at 37℃ overnight. The MIC and MBC is read as the lowest concentration without visible growth.
Results: No visible growth of bacteria on agar at a concentration of 2000 mg / ml and 1000 mg / ml. Thus, the value of MIC and MBC for UPEC is 1000 mg / ml. In this study, ginger extract at a concentration of 1000 mg / ml or higher acts as bacteriostatic and bactericidal for UPEC .
Conclusion: Ethanol extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) has antimicrobial activity against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. In this in vitro study using agar dilution method, the MIC and MBC for UPEC is at 1000 mg / ml.
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Relevance. Urinary tract infections pose a growing threat to humanity due to the rise of antibiotic resistance in uropathogens. Exploring natural sources for alternative treatments has become a prominent approach. The aim of the research was to investigate the antibacterial effects of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) against uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli). Materials and Methods. The research was performed on three clinical multidrug-resistant uropathogenic E. coli isolates and E. coli ATCC 25922. Clove hydroalcoholic extract was obtained by cold maceration technique. To evaluate the antibacterial activity of the extract, agar well diffusion method was performed. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the extract were determined by microbroth dilution method. Light microscopy was used to investigate morphological changes in uropathogenic E. coli after exposure to clove extract. Checkerboard assay was used to assess synergism between clove extract and antibiotics. All obtained data were statistically processed. Results and Discussion. In well diffusion method, bacterial responses to clove extract were concentration-dependent with inhibition zone diameter of 7-10/10-15 mm for uropathogenic strains and E. coli ATCC 25922, respectively. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of clove extract against uropathogenic strains were 25 mg/mL. The extract showed a lower minimum inhibitory concentration against E. coli ATCC 25922 (6.25 mg/ mL) with minimum bactericidal concentration being 25 mg/mL. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations ratio showed that clove extract tends to be bactericidal agent. Synergy test revealed that the combination of clove extract and nitrofurantoin or ciprofloxacin resulted in no interaction. However, minimum inhibitory concentrations of all tested agents in combinations exhibited varying degrees of decrease. Incubation of uropathogenic strains with the extract transformed them to unstable spherical L-form in percentage of 96-99 %. Conclusion. This study highlights clove as a potential natural antibacterial agent against multidrug-resistant uropathogenic E. coli, warranting further investigations into its antibacterial properties.
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This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of 14 plant extracts against Escherichia coli O157:H7. Screening of antibacterial activity was made by the agar diffusion method. Among the plants tested, twelve extracts showed strong antibacterial activity with mean inhibition zones ranging from 20.17 to 14.17 mm. The extract of Allium Kurrat showed the greatest inhibition zone. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the agar dilution method. Comparing the minimum inhibitory concentrations, the extracts of Eruca sativa and Allium Kurrat showed high activity against Escherichia coli O157:H7 with MIC values of 2.5 mg/ml. These plant extracts may provide an alternative therapeutic option for Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections.
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Honey is one of the oldest natural medicines known with a very high therapeutic value. Nowadays, in the medical field, several important therapeutic effects of honey have been elucidated. This study was conducted to reveal the antimicrobial activity of the commercially available local Malaysian Trigona sp. honey towards different pathogenic bacteria specifically Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium. The Minimum inhibitory concentration and Minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by the disc-diffusion test and agar well diffusion test. Different concentration of the honey was tested in the disc-diffusion and agar well diffusion test. The results of these tests were in terms of Inhibition zone diameter. The results obtained from the current study are the dilution of different concentration of honey from Trigona sp. are very significant because the only net concentration of both of honey Trigon a sp. possessed antimicrobial properties in term of Minimum inhibitory concentration) and Minimum bactericidal concentration. The result also can say that Trigona sp. honey possessed antibacterial properties and can be used as alternative medicine in the veterinary field in the future.
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Objective: To study the Qingdai(Indigo Naturalis) bacteriostatic and bactericidal action on White Candida.Methods: AGAR diffusion method and tube dilution method were applied to determine the Qingdai(Indigo Naturalis) suspensions for white candida bacteriostatic ring diameter, minimum bacteriostatic concentration(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC). Results: The bacteriostatic ring diameter 4 diluent candida dialogue of Qingdai(Indigo Naturalis) suspension1∶8, 1∶16, 1∶32 and 1:6 are respectively(27.22+27.22) mm,(34.97-3.83) mm,(31.26-5.74) mm and mm(24.95+5.12) mm; Qingdai(Indigo Naturalis) suspension 1∶16 diluent concentration of bacteriostatic ring diameter significantly greater than other diluent of bacteriostatic ring diameter(P0.01). Qingdai(Indigo Naturalis) suspension dialogue candida MIC is 62.5 mg/m L,MBC is 62.5 mg/m L.Conclusion: Qingdai(Indigo Naturalis) suspension dialogue candida has the obvious inhibitory and bactericidal action.
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