Different rheological behaviours of cellulose/tetrabutylammonium acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide/water mixtures
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Cellulose acetate
In the crystal structure of the title compound, C 22 H 14 O 6 ··2C 2 H 6 OS, 4,6-dibenzoylisophthalic acid is connected to two dimethyl sulfoxide molecules by strong O—H...O=S hydrogen bonds. Weak intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds connect molecules into dimers. Intramolecular three-centred C—H...O hydrogen bonding is favoured by a syn conformation of both carboxyl groups. The two dimethyl sulfoxide molecules were found to be disordered over two equally populated sites.
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Golden hamster embryo cells were exposed to 137Cs gamma rays in the presence or absence of dimethyl sulfoxide at both 310 and 77 K. Dimethyl sulfoxide gave significant protection against cell killing at both 310 and 77 K. The extent of radioprotection with 1.28 M dimethyl sulfoxide at 77 K was 85-89% of the lethal effects observed in the absence of dimethyl sulfoxide at 310 K; the dose-modifying factor was 5.7. Dimethyl sulfoxide also exerted protected against gamma-ray-induced DNA single-strand breaks and chromosomal aberrations with a maximum protection of 80-100% at a dimethyl sulfoxide concentration of 1.28 M at 77 K. At 77 K, H atoms, ion holes, and electrons can migrate through frozen cells but OH radicals cannot diffuse. Thus the protective effects of dimethyl sulfoxide against cell killing, chromosomal aberrations, and DNA single-strand breaks at 77 K may be due to the scavenging of H atoms or other ions, rather than OH radicals.
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Objective: To investigate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of dimethyl sulfoxide( DMSO),and an applicable range of concentration used in mouse lymphoma assay( MLA). Methods: DMSO purchased from Tedia( DMSO-I) and Sigma( DMSO-II),respectively,were compared at final concentrations of 0. 5%,1. 0%,2. 0% and 4. 0% without the metabolic activation of S9. The cytotoxicity and mutation frequency( MF) of tk gene induced by both DMSO subjected to a 3 h treatment in L5178 tk+ /-cells were statistically analyzed. Results: For both batches of DMSO,1% showed the lowest cytotoxicity( 20%),while 4% exhibited the highest( 37%).MF triggered by 1% DMSO was similar to that of the blank control,however MF ratios were significantly increased by other concentrations( P 0. 05 or 0. 01). Conclusion: 1% is the optimal concentration for DMSO as a solvent applied in the L5178 Y tk+ /-cell line and micro-well plates based MLA test.
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This chapter contains sections titled: 4.4 Esterification of Cellulose 4.4.1 Esters of cellulose with inorganic acids 4.4.1.1 Cellulose nitrate 4.4.1.2 Cellulose nitrite 4.4.1.3 Cellulose sulfates 4.4.1.4 Cellulose phosphate and other phosphorus-containing cellulose derivatives 4.4.1.5 Cellulose borates 4.4.1.6 Desoxycelluloses
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Water–dimethyl sulfoxide interactions have been dissected using IR spectroscopy. In their Communication on page 11375 ff., C. R. Baiz et al. show that hydrogen bond populations in binary mixtures can be directly quantified and molecular ensembles can be correlated to macroscopic solution properties. The fish represent DMSO molecules jumping out of the water in groups to portray the strong DMSO–DMSO self-interaction. Water–dimethyl sulfoxide interactions have been dissected using IR spectroscopy. In their Communication on page 11375 ff., C. R. Baiz et al. show that hydrogen bond populations in binary mixtures can be directly quantified and molecular ensembles can be correlated to macroscopic solution properties. The fish represent DMSO molecules jumping out of the water in groups to portray the strong DMSO–DMSO self-interaction. Phase Transitions Spherical Janus Particles Organocatalysis
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Rabbits treated for 13 weeks with large doses of known dimethyl sulfoxide metabolites did not develop the lenticular changes associated with dimethyl sulfoxide treatment. No hydration of the lens or other tissues could be detected in animals treated p.o. with dimethyl sulfoxide for 24 weeks. Dimethyl sulfoxide was shown to react with glutathione as well as eye lens proteins to yield dimethyl sulfide. A mechanism for dimethyl sulfoxide toxicity to the rabbit lens is postulated.
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Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was evaluated, in terms of motility, as a freeze-thaw protective agent with human spermatozoa. DMSO was found to be equal to glycerol in this protective capacity but proved more toxic during storage at 22°C both before freezing and after thawing. An interaction of protective and toxic effects was noted in a comparison of 5, 10, 15 and 20% DMSO which suggested the 10% level as the most favorable. On the basis of findings, DMSO is not recommended as a substitute for glycerol in the preservation of human spermatozoa by freezing with the methods described.
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