Potential mechanisms of tremor tolerance induced in rats by the repeated administration of total alkaloid extracts from the seeds of Peganum harmala Linn
Youxu WangHanxue WangLiuhong ZhangYunpeng ZhangGang DengShuping LiNing CaoHuida GuanXuemei ChengChanghong Wang
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Peganum harmala
An indole alkaloid 5n was isolated from Peganum harmala. L. seed. It was shown that the growth of transplantable tumors in mice were inhibited by this alkaloid. The inhibitory rates on S-180 were 47.5-48.5%, 68.8% and 69%-75.6% under the doses of 11.25 mg/kg/d, 22.5mg/kg/d and 45mg/kg/d. The inhibitory rates on reticuloum-cell sarcoma (LI ) were 41-50.8% and 47-61% under the doses of 22.5mg/kg/d and 45mg. kg/d. The inhibitory rates on hepatoma were 51.7-55% and 62-66.7% under the doses of 22.5mg/kg/d and 45mg/ kg/d respectively.As compared to the mixed alkaloid 5L, 5n showed higher potency, stronger antitumor effect and wider antitumor spectra. It is possible that 5n is one of the main antitumoral alkaloids from Peganum harmala L. seed.
Peganum harmala
Harmine
Indole alkaloid
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To find out the essence of the traditional Chinese medicine properties from detecting the rats' monoamine neurotransmitter after given different traditional Chinese drug.The property of rhizome curcumae and radix curcumae is opposite, they were given to rats respectively for one month. Next, HPLC-ECD method was used to detect the rats' monoamine neurotransmitter in different encephalic region.Rhizome curcumae can raise the rats' monoamine neurotransmitter, but radix curcumae inhibits the rats' monoamine neurotransmitter.There are correlations between the traditional Chinese medicine properties and monoamine neurotransmitter.
Neurotransmitter Systems
Neurotransmitter Agents
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Neurotransmitter is a kind of active substance,which is secreted by nerve cells.It acts on effector cells and causes specific functional changes to them.It is one of the main regulation ways of the body and plays a pivotal role in human being's behavior,mood and exercise ability.Neurotransmitter can be classified into 4 categories,i.e.,monoamine,amino acid,peptide and some others.Monoamine neurotransmitter is the first to be discovered.It is one of the hot topics in research.In the recent years,people pay more and more attention to the relations between neurotransmitter and exercise ability.A lot of research work has been done by many researchers at home and abroad.Some fruitful results have been achieved.The paper aims to delve into the metabolic effects of monoamine neurotransmitter and analyze its function and the correlation between exercise and monoamine neurotransmitter so as to provide theoretical reference for future researches and application.
Neurotransmitter Agents
Neurotransmitter Systems
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Objective To observe the effect of aluminum on the learn memory and contents of monoamine neurotransmitter in rats brain and to provide evidence on the mechanism of neurotoxicity. Methods 144 Wistar rats were divided into three experimental and one control group, experimental groups were intraperitoneally injected with aluminum chloride in 5.0, 15.0 and 25.0 mg/kg respectively and control group intraperitoneally injected with N.S for several weeks. Step-down test was performed and then killed, the contents of monoamine neurotransmitter in rat brain was measured with Fluorescene Spectrophotometer. Results Aluminum could decrease active avoidance response and retard passive avoidance time significantly (P 0.01); DA and NE levels were less than those of control group significantly (P 0.01); 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels in all dose groups were less than those in control group significantly (P 0.01) except 5-HT levels in cerebrum and 5-HIAA levels in hippocampus levels at dose of 5.0 mg/kg during the 4th and the 8th weeks.Conclusion It suggested that aluminum could have influence on learn memory and could decrease monoamine neurotransmitter levels in different brain regions. It might be one of the mechanisms of aluminum neurotoxicity.
Neurotoxicity
Neurotransmitter Systems
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Objective:to find out the essence of the traditional Chinese medicine properties from detecting the rats'monoamine neurotransmitter after given different traditional Chinese drug. Methods:the property of rhizome curcumae and radix curcumae are opposite,they were given to rats respectively for one month. then use HPLC-ECD method detect the rats' monoamine neurotransmitter in different encephalic region. Results:rhizome curcumae can raise the rats' monoamine neurotransmitter but radix curcumae inhibitor the rats' monoamine neurotransmitter. Conclusion:there are some dependbilitie between the traditional Chinese medicine properties and monoamine neurotransmitter.
Neurotransmitter Systems
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Peganum harmala L. represents the major rich plant of alkaloids harmine and harmanline. In this study, one of these alkaloidswas detected qualitatively and quantitatively using different extraction methods: aqueous, methanol, and alkaloid. In comparisonbetween standard harmine and the three extracted using TLC technique, different spots were appeared from the three extractionmethods and the color looked like the standard. While when run the extracts on HPLC in comparison to standard harmine, threepeaks were observed and retention time of each extract was recorded to calculate the concentration of alkaloid. The best extractionmethod was the alkaloid extraction that give two peaks quite similar to that in the standard and almost the same retention time.This study shows that there are many important compounds in the alkaloid extraction of P. harmala of Iraqi species.
Peganum harmala
Harmine
Quantitative Analysis
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Objective:To observe the changes of monoamine neurotransmitter contents in hypothalamus of aging rats.Methods: The sub-acutely aging rats were made by injecting D-gal into the rats' abdominal cavity continually and the monoamine transmitter contents in hypothalamus were detected with HPLC-ECD. Results:The NE, DA, 5-HT contents in hypothalamus of aging rats decreased significantly compared with normal rats (P0.01). Conclusions: The monoamine neurotransmitter contents in brain of D-gal aging rats decreased significantly, this maybe one of the mechanisms that D-gal inducing aging.
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AIm:The aim of this study was to observe the changes in the monoamine neurotransmitter levels of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and explore whether the neurotransmitter level is correlated with the severity of PTSD.mATERIAl and mEThods: A total of 15 PTSD patients without any physical injuries were enrolled into the study.Another 15 cases of prerestoration patients were recruited as controls who experienced traumatic events but did not experience PTSD or had a Posttraumatic stress disorder Check List-Civilian version (PCL-C) score lower than 12 points.The levels of plasma monoamine neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and dopamine, were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.REsulTs: No significant differences were found between the monoamine neurotransmitter levels of the PTSD and the control groups (p > 0.05).A correlation study confirmed that the monoamine neurotransmitter levels and the PCL-C scores of the PTSD group were not significantly correlated (p > 0.05). CoNClusIoN:No neurotransmitter changes are seen in PTSD caused by simple mental trauma, and the PCL-C scores do not associate with PTSD.
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[Objective]To research the effects of exercises on monoamine neurotransmitters in depressed rats’ brain,and probe into the mechanism on the changes.[Methods]Selected 48 adult SD male rats. They were randomly divided into 4 groups(n = 12):control group(Group C),sports group(Group S),model group 1(Group M1),model group 2(Group M2). The rats in group C were fed with the old routine. The rats in group S received 7 weeks of normal load swimming training. The rats in group M1 and M2 received 28-day unpredictable chronic mild stress according to the literatures. After the stress finished,the rats in group M2 received 3 weeks of normal load swimming training. After the experiment,all rats were killed by decollation. Then collected samples and examined the amount of the monoamine neurotransmitter in the whole brain,the hippocampus and frontal cortex through the method of fluorescence.[Results]The results showed that the amount of monoamine neurotransmitter in the whole brain,the hippocampus and frontal cortex reduced obviously,but after swimming training,the amount of monoamine neurotransmitter increased.[Conclusion]The unpredictable chronic mild stress may reduce the amount of the monoamine neurotransmitter obviously in the whole brain,the hippocampus and frontal cortex induce the disorder of the monoaminergic systematic function. Possibly they were some of the reasons causing the depression. Normal load exercises may increase the amount of the monoamine neurotransmitter obviously in different cerebral area. It will promote the recovery of depression.
Monoaminergic
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