Prognostic Modeling of COVID-19 Using Artificial Intelligence in the United Kingdom: Model Development and Validation
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Abstract:
The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak is a public health emergency and the case fatality rate in the United Kingdom is significant. Although there appear to be several early predictors of outcome, there are no currently validated prognostic models or scoring systems applicable specifically to patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2.Keywords:
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Triage
Pandemic
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Background and Aims Decision-making is the major component in triaging EDs patients. EDs Triage systems have applied different approaches to triaging intoxicated patients. Pros & Cons for these approaches need to be identified. Aim is to analysis management of intoxicated patients during various triage process. Methods Critical review includes five triage systems, Emergency Severity Index, Australasian Triage Scale, Canadian triage and Acuity Scale, Manchester Triage System and 5-tier Triage protocol. These systems have been analyzed via meta-synthesis in terms of evidence-based criteria, inclusiveness, specific application and practicability. Results General physiologic signs & symptoms were the gold standard for determining acuity in patients that have been applied by all triage systems. Conscious level, air way, respiratory status and circulation assessment were identified as major criteria in decision-making. 5-tier Triage protocol showed the most comprehensiveness characteristics to prioritizing intoxicated patients. Discussion Resources necessary for evidence-based performance to support nursing decisions in triaging intoxicated patients needs fundamentally to be developed. It`s necessary to develop National Triage Scale to approach intoxicated patients effectively.
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Triage is the process of ordering
patients according to medical
priority. The overall objective is to do the
most good for the most people. Hospital triage involves identifying
and preferentially treating
life-threatening conditions. Ambulance triage systems
include colour-coded and 'priority-
based' systems. There is lack of uniformity and
continuity in triage processes in
South Africa. No definitive triage physiological
or algorithmic scoring system
is currently in use. A uniform national ambulance
and hospital-based system would
facilitate triage and treatment.
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Triage
Emergency nursing
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Objective To present the critical strategy and measures with the surveillance on foodborne disease outbreaks in Guangzhou,2006-2008. Method Data collected by Foodborne Disease Outbreaks Surveillance and Reporting System (FDOSR) of Guangzhou was analyzed on season,month,pathogen,food,meal place,reason,and so on. Results Total 189 foodborne disease outbreaks were reported,resulting 2678 cases and 6 deaths,with 14. 17 illnesses per outbreak, attack rate 13. 47% , and fatality rate 0. 22% . 166 outbreaks ( 87. 83% ) were ascertained of pathogens, with microorganisms of most outbreaks (58. 20% ) and cases (70. 95% ),poisonous propagations of largest deaths (66. 67% ). microorganisms accounted for the highest cases per outbreaks (17. 27 cases),while chemical agents of maximum at attack rate (91. 83% ),poisonous propagations of largest fatality rate (1. 86% ). Conclusion Efficiency and quality of FDOSR for correct prevention should be improved to reduce the burden of foodborne disease.
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Disease Surveillance
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Ebola is a deadly virus that causes frequent disease outbreaks in the human population. In this study, we analyse its rate of new introductions, case fatality ratio, and potential to spread from person to person. The analysis is performed for all completed outbreaks and for a scenario where these are augmented by a more severe outbreak of several thousand cases. The results show a fast rate of new outbreaks, a high case fatality ratio, and an effective reproductive ratio of just less than 1.
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Ebolavirus
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Background: There is a huge global loss of lives due to COVID-19 pandemic, the primary epicentre of which is China, where the causative agent of the disease, SARS-CoV-2 was first emerged in December 2019. This study aims to explore the severity, in terms of case fatality rate (CFR), of COVID-19 pandemic.
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2019-20 coronavirus outbreak
Coronavirus
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To triage, to triage to buy an apt gig; Home again, home again, diagnosed thingamajig. To triage, to triage to buy an apt doc; Home again, home again, diagnosed thingamabob. To triage, to triage a gallop a trot; To buy some granite to put in the plot. One million, three million coverage supplied, If he hadn’t been killed, he must have died.
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Triage
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Identification
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Outbreaks cause significant morbidity and mortality in healthcare settings. Current testing methods can identify specific viral respiratory pathogens, yet the approach to outbreak management remains general. Our aim was to examine pathogen-specific trends in respiratory outbreaks, including how attack rates, case fatality rates and outbreak duration differ by pathogen between hospitals and long-term care (LTC) and retirement homes (RH) in Ontario. Confirmed respiratory outbreaks in Ontario hospitals and LTC/RH reported between September 1, 2007, and August 31, 2017, were extracted from the integrated Public Health Information System (iPHIS). Median attack rates and outbreak duration and overall case fatality rates of pathogen-specific outbreaks were compared in both settings. Over the 10-year surveillance period, 9,870 confirmed respiratory outbreaks were reported in Ontario hospitals and LTC/RH. Influenza was responsible for most outbreaks (32% in LTC/RH, 51% in hospitals), but these outbreaks were shorter and had lower attack rates than most non-influenza outbreaks in either setting. Human metapneumovirus, while uncommon (<4% of outbreaks) had high case fatality rates in both settings. Attack rates and case fatality rates varied by pathogen, as did outbreak duration. Development of specific outbreak management guidance that takes into account pathogen and healthcare setting may be useful to limit the burden of respiratory outbreaks.
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly emerged infectious disease with a high case-fatality rate and devastating socio-economic impact. In this report we summarized the results from an epidemiological investigation of a SARS outbreak in a hospital in Tianjin, between April and May 2003. We collected epidemiological and clinical data on 111 suspect and probable cases of SARS associated with the outbreak. Transmission chain and outbreak clusters were investigated. The outbreak was single sourced and had eight clusters. All SARS cases in the hospital were traced to a single patient who directly infected 33 people. The patients ranged from 16 to 82 years of age (mean age 38.5 years); 38.7% were men. The overall case fatality in the SARS outbreak was 11.7% (13/111). The outbreak lasted around 4 weeks after the index case was identified. SARS is a highly contagious condition associated with substantial case fatality; an outbreak can result from one patient in a relatively short period. However, stringent public health measures seemed to be effective in breaking the disease transmission chain.
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