Type I and Type III Interferons Restrict SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Human Airway Epithelial Cultures
Abigail VanderheidenPhilipp RalfsTatiana ChirkovaAmit A. UpadhyayMatthew G. ZimmermanShamika BedoyaHadj AouedGregory M. TharpKathryn L. PellegriniCandela ManfrediEric J. SorscherBernardo A. MainouJenna L. LobbyJacob E. KohlmeierAnice C. LowenPei‐Yong ShiVineet D. MenacheryLarry J. AndersonArash GrakouiSteven E. BosingerMehul S. Suthar
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Abstract:
The current pandemic of respiratory illness, COVID-19, is caused by a recently emerged coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2. This virus infects airway and lung cells causing fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath. Severe cases of COVID-19 can result in lung damage, low blood oxygen levels, and even death. As there are currently no vaccines approved for use in humans, studies of the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection are urgently needed. Our research identifies an excellent system to model SARS-CoV-2 infection of the human airways that can be used to test various treatments. Analysis of infection in this model system found that human airway epithelial cell cultures induce a strong proinflammatory cytokine response yet block the production of type I and III IFNs to SARS-CoV-2. However, treatment of airway cultures with the immune molecules type I or type III interferon (IFN) was able to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, our model system identified type I or type III IFN as potential antiviral treatments for COVID-19 patients.Keywords:
Interferon type I
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that was commissioned by the World Health Organization to the Cochrane Collaboration.In addition, we will upload the summary results to the trial registry as allowed by the ChiCTR platform.Winter is coming, so planning for a new wave of the COVID-19 pandemic becomes extremely urgent.We must complete the multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial as soon as possible; otherwise, we have to withdraw this registration from the website by the end of 2020.Two publications sharing the same registration number is not appropriate, although they are closely related and have been registered at ChiCTR and the National Medical Research Registration Information System with the identical number.We will consult the Ethics Committee and resolve the issue.
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