Potential Influence of Menstrual Status and Sex Hormones on Female Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Cross-sectional Multicenter Study in Wuhan, China
Ting DingJinjin ZhangTian WangPengfei CuiZhe ChenJingjing JiangSu ZhouJun DaiBo WangSuzhen YuanWenqing MaLingwei MaYueguang RongJiang ChangXiaoping MiaoXiangyi MaShixuan Wang
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Abstract:
Recent studies have indicated that females with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a lower morbidity, severe case rate, and mortality and better outcome than those of male individuals. However, the reasons remained to be addressed.Keywords:
Cross-sectional study
Coronavirus
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has reignited global interest in animal coronaviruses and their potential for human transmission. While bats are thought to be the wildlife reservoir of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, the widespread human coronavirus OC43 is thought to have originated in rodents. Here, we sampled 297 rodents and shrews, representing eight species, from three municipalities of southern China. We report coronavirus prevalences of 23.3% and 0.7% in Guangzhou and Guilin, respectively, with samples from urban areas having significantly higher coronavirus prevalences than those from rural areas. We obtained three coronavirus genome sequences from Rattus norvegicus, including a Betacoronavirus (rat coronavirus [RCoV] GCCDC3), an Alphacoronavirus (RCoV-GCCDC5), and a novel Betacoronavirus (RCoV-GCCDC4). Recombination analysis suggests that there was a potential recombination event involving RCoV-GCCDC4, murine hepatitis virus (MHV), and Longquan Rl rat coronavirus (LRLV). Furthermore, we uncovered a polybasic cleavage site, RARR, in the spike (S) protein of RCoV-GCCDC4, which is dominant in RCoV. These findings provide further information on the potential for interspecies transmission of coronaviruses and demonstrate the value of a One Health approach to virus discovery. IMPORTANCE Surveillance of viruses among rodents in rural and urban areas of South China identified three rodent coronaviruses, RCoV-GCCDC3, RCoV-GCCDC4, and RCoV-GCCDC5, one of which was identified as a novel potentially recombinant coronavirus with a polybasic cleavage site in the spike (S) protein. Through reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) screening of coronaviruses, we found that coronavirus prevalence in urban areas is much higher than that in rural areas. Subsequently, we obtained three coronavirus genome sequences by deep sequencing. After different method-based analyses, we found that RCoV-GCCDC4 was a novel potentially recombinant coronavirus with a polybasic cleavage site in the S protein, dominant in RCoV. This newly identified coronavirus RCoV-GCCDC4 with its potentially recombinant genome and polybasic cleavage site provides a new insight into the evolution of coronaviruses. Furthermore, our results provide further information on the potential for interspecies transmission of coronaviruses and demonstrate the necessity of a One Health approach for zoonotic disease surveillance.
Coronavirus
Betacoronavirus
Mouse hepatitis virus
Coronaviridae
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The sequences of spike glycoprotein genes of six human coronavirus strains,five avian infectious bronchitis virus strains,four murine hepatitis virus strains,seven bovine coronavirus strains,two feline coronavirus strains,nine porcine coronavirus strains (epidemic diarrhea virus,transmissible gastroenteritis virus),four canine coronavirus strains and five SARS coronavirus strains were compared by software DNAstar.It is shown that the sequence consensus of human coronavirus spike glycoprotein genes is 27.2%～99.5%;that of avian infectious bronchitis viruses is 81.5%～100%;of feline coronavirus strains is 79.5%～89.6%;of bovine coronavirus strains is 97.7%～100%;of canine coronavirus strains is 64.9%～98.8%;of SARS-related coronavirus is 99.9%～100%.The sequence consensus of spike glycoprotein genes of SARS coronavirus strains compared with forty-two other coronavirus strains is lower than 30.8%,which indicates that SARS-related coronavirus might not evolve from the other kind of viruses,but it is a new kind of virus that humankind has never touched before.
Coronavirus
Bovine coronavirus
Coronaviridae
Mouse hepatitis virus
Nidovirales
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COVID-19 is caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 that belongs to the Coronaviridae groups. The subgroups of the coronavirus families are α , β , γ , and δ coronavirus (the four general human coronaviruses). Representative coronaviruses consist of NL63 coronavirus (human) and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis from the Alphacoronavirus genus; mouse hepatitis coronavirus (MHV), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV); avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV); and porcine δ -coronavirus (PdCoV). This work exhibits, δ -coronavirus spikes are fundamentally and evolutionally more similar related to α -coronavirus spikes than to β -coronavirus or γ -coronavirus spikes due to the receptor recognition, membrane fusion phenomenon, and immune evasion behavior.
Coronavirus
Coronaviridae
Bovine coronavirus
Mouse hepatitis virus
Betacoronavirus
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This study aimed to evaluate the work engagement status of registered pediatric nurses and its relationship with personal- and work-related variables in selected hospitals. Personal- and work-related factors generally influence work engagement. However, data on work engagement in pediatric clinical practice are limited.This study employed a cross-sectional design, including 230 registered nurses working in pediatric units in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. A non-probability approach (convenience sampling) was adopted in recruiting the sample. Eight personal- and work-related variables were examined using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale shortened 9-item version.The overall mean scale score was 4.54 (standard deviation = 0.95). The dedication subscale showed the highest mean score (4.84), followed by the absorption (4.48) and vigor subscales (4.29). A higher work engagement score was associated with an older age (H = 17.892; p < 0.001), a non-Saudi nationality (Z = 5.724; p < 0.001), a higher educational level (Z = 3.178; p = 0.001), and a long duration of experience (>10 years) (H = 18.435; p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between the total scale score according to marital status (p = 0.077), current working unit (p = 0.063), and current working hours (p = 0.067).Among registered pediatric nurses, work engagement is relatively high but is average in terms of the vigor component. To our knowledge, this research is the first to explore how work environment affects work engagement among pediatric nurses in Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
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Cross-sectional study
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Introduction: An indication of the quality of medical treatment is how satisfied patients are with the services received. Patient satisfaction is determined by how well they feel their care met their expectations. This survey was conducted in 2023 to assess how satisfied health tourists were with the services received from Bangalore Multispecialty hospitals. Method: It is a cross-sectional study was conducted from 21-3–2023 to 26-1-2023 at Multispecialty Hospital in Bangalore. : In this a cross-sectional study, 400 253 (63.2%) men and 147 (36.8%) women, the data collection instrument is a semi-structured questionnaire in this study. The respondents of this study are Arab tourists who received inpatient and outpatient services at least one day at hospitals. The hospitals were selected purposively but the potential respondents were chosen conveniently. These procedures ensure the researchers access a sufficient number of potential respondents from the hospitals for this study. Researchers of this study approached the respondents and requested they participate in this survey. The researchers informed participants that the information would be utilized only for research purposes and their support was anonymous and voluntary. The questionnaire has 56 general and specific items. Each of the specific items is scaled on five points; Very Good, Good, Moderate, Poor and very poor. In order to analyze the data both descriptive and inferential statistics were used Patient satisfaction and surgical outcomes were the main outcome measures. Results: 400 participants were included in the study (63.2% male and 36.85% Female). 79 of the surgeries were Neurosurgeries cases (19.8%) compared to 75 Oncology cases (18.8%). Regarding patient satisfaction, 96.8% of the patients regarding the quality of care. 66 % were satisfied with the hospital privacy and confidentiality measures. Conclusion: All of the Analyzed domains had excellent patient satisfaction rates, little problems, and successful surgical results in general. There is few things make patients unsatisfied like the waiting time for consultation so long, the method of payment in some hospital that there is limitation for cash payment ,and the language barrier the important factor play the major role.
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group' and the legend of Table 3 was incorrectly given as 'Doses escalation during the study follow up' , but should have been 'Results of two-way ANOVA' .
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In the present study, we examined the sex-related differences and cross-sectional age-related changes in the cross-sectional area of the psoas major muscle. The cross-sectional area was corrected for fat-free mass (FFM-corrected), which was calculated as the 2/3rd power of the total fat-free mass. A total of 240 adults (114 men, 126 women, age: 20-81 years) were included in the study. The cross-sectional area of the psoas major muscle was measured by 0.2T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the total fat-free mass was measured by air displacement plethysmography. We demonstrated that the FFM-corrected cross-sectional area of the psoas major muscle was greater in males than females across all age groups. Furthermore, we examined the mean FFM-corrected cross-sectional area of the psoas major muscle across different age groups and demonstrated that it decreased with age. Our findings, when combined with previous results, show a peak in the 20s, which declined with age. Our study revealed sex-related differences and cross-sectional age-related changes in the FFM-corrected cross-sectional area of the psoas major muscle. Our findings also suggest that it is important to define reference values and ranges that take into account age- and sex-related differences when assessing the psoas major muscle by FFM-corrected cross-sectional area.
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Fat free mass
Psoas Muscles
Cross over
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A group of 179 tuberculosis patients, notified within a specific time period in an area served by a community-based TB clinic in Cape Town, was defined. Cross-sectional and longitudinal measurements of compliance were taken to test the validity of the two research methods in compliance surveillance. The cross-sectional method was found to mask significantly the true extent of non-compliance with tuberculosis treatment (19.5% v. a true 40.3%). The sampling and measurement biases inherent in the cross-sectional design were illustrated. The first bias was introduced because the cross-sectional survey captured only treatment survivors. By the date of the cross-sectional survey 45 patients were no longer on the clinic treatment list, between 4 and 13 (2.2 - 7.3% of the original group) having been lost as a result of poor compliance. The second and most extensive bias was introduced because the cross-sectional survey measured the compliance of all patients on a particular day irrespective of the time since notification. Thus for the cross-sectional group the compliant proportion was 80.5% at the time of the cross-sectional survey but fell to 65.4% by the end of treatment (as measured in the longitudinal survey). The absolute significance of the association between compliance and various demographic and treatment variables did not change with survey method. However, in two instances the association approached significance in only one of the two surveys. The study implies that serious clinical repercussions are possible if management decisions are based on the results of inappropriately designed studies. The place of the longitudinal and cross-sectional research methods in compliance surveillance is discussed.
Cross-sectional study
Cross-sectional data
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