Retention Simulation and Application of Rear Seat Back Frame of a Recreational Vehicle for Proper Bracket Installation
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Abstract:
본 연구에서는 신규 리어 시트 백 프레임 모델이 기존 리어 시트 백 프레임 모델 대비 동등 수준의 러기지 리텐션 시험의 충돌 변위를 제공하도록 적정한 브라켓 구조를 확보하고자 하였다. 시트 연결부인 하단 부시 힌지부 브라켓에 플랜지와 폼을 추가하고 두께를 기존 모델과 같은 2.3t에서 2.9t로 바꿔 기존 모델과 비교하였다. 이를 위해 시트 백 프레임의 슬레드 시험이 고려된 러기지 리텐션 시험의 유한요소 해석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 시트 백 및 헤드 레스트에서의 충돌 변위는 안전 기준에 부합되나 기존 모델 대비 대략 6.7% 차이를 보였다. 추가로 신규 모델의 러기지 리텐션 시뮬레이션의 적합성을 검증하기 위해 해당 시제품을 제작 후 수행된 러기지 리텐션 시험 결과로부터 시뮬레이션의 최대오차는 시트 백 위치에서 약 20.6%의 수준임을 확인하였다.Topics:
As one of the most fuel-efficient diesel locomotives in the world,HXN3diesel locomotive can track more wagons with less fuel and lower emission.But the substantial noise and of HXN3locomotive cab will provide less crew comfort,more equipment and manufacturing cost.The paper will analysis the vibration of the cab,and optimize the vibration isolation system.
Diesel locomotive
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The structure and design of rescue car for locomotive is discussed in detail.Taking the frame as subject of study and using ANSYS software,the analysis result of the frame integral structure was obtained.
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On orthodontic treatment, accuracy of orthodontic brackets slot size is essential for maximum interaction between thewire and brackets, so as to distribute the optimal force for tooth movement. The purpose of this study was to determinethe accuracy of orthodontic brackets slot size to 0.018 inch standard sizes that are available in the market. The samplewas selected by using a random sampling system, which consists of 15 types of brackets of 8 bracket manufacturerswith a total sample of 300 samples. Measurements performed on 4 sides of slot bracket, namely the outer and innersides of the brackets slot, on mesial and distal sides, using a profile projector (Mitutoyo Type PJ250). The results werestatistically tested using t-test one side. All brackets have a slot size significantly larger than the standard size. Theaverage percentage of magnification ranged from 5.18-24.29%. So, it was concluded that the size of the slot bracketsavailable in the Indonesian market greater than their standard.
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Objectives: To measure the frictional resistance between self-ligating or conventional bracket and arch-wire at different contact angles.To analyse the effect of bracket,angulation and arch-wire material on the friction between bracket and arch-wire.Methods: Brackets to be measured in this experiment were self-ligating brackets(DamonⅢ,In-ovation) and conventional pre-adjusted metal bracket.They were upper first premolar brackets.Instron8841 universal testing machine was used to measure the frictional resistance between brackets and different kinds of arch-wires(0.016in Ni-Ti arch-wire,0.016in Australian wire,0.018×0.025in Ni-Ti arch-wire、0.018×0.025in stainless steel wire).Friction resistances were measured at different angulations(0°,3°,6°,9°).Results: The self-ligating bracket had a markedly lower friction than conventional bracket at all angulations.Following the increase of angulations,friction increased for both self-ligating bracket and conventional bracket.The increase of frictional resistance was more pronounced in the case of stainless steel and Australian wire than Ni-Ti wire.Conclusion: Bracket design,wire material and size,and contact angle significantly influence the friction between bracket and wire.Self-ligating bracket can markedly reduce the friction.
Static friction
Stainless steel wire
Premolar
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ABSTRACT Objective: To explore how the position of the bracket slots relative to the archwire influences the friction between them, and how bracket design affects the critical contact angle (θc). Materials and Methods: Two kinds of stainless steel archwires (0.016 and 0.019 × 0.025-inch) were tested against four kinds of brackets (Transmission Straight Archwire bracket, Domestic MBT bracket, Tip-Edge Plus bracket, and BioQuick self-ligation bracket) in the dry state. Resistance to sliding (RS) was measured as an increase in contact angle (θ). The value of θc was calculated by two linear regression lines. Results: Friction remained stable when θ < θc, then increased linearly when θ > θc. The θc values of the Tip-Edge Plus bracket and Transmission Straight Archwire bracket were significantly larger than those for the Domestic MBT bracket and BioQuick self-ligation bracket. Conclusions: The relationship between the archwire and bracket slot significantly affects the resistance to sliding. The “edge-off” structure of the Tip-Edge Plus bracket and Transmission Straight Archwire bracket could help to increase the θc value, and to expand the passive configuration range.
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For the demolishing construction of a 3-span continuous box girder bridge with span arrangement(18+26.4+18) m,a demolishing scheme was proposed and designed,i.e.,the main girder of the bridge was stabilized by the bailey truss and suspenders,the girder was cut into 3 sections by the diamond steel wire cutting method,the section of the girder over the central span was lifted away by the overhead launching gantry and shifted to an open ground where it was then broken into pieces.The side spans flanking the central span and the 2-m remaining sections of the central span were broken in situ on staging.To ensure the construction safety,the internal force and deformation of the structure in the construction process were analyzed by the finite element software.The results of the analysis indicated that the deflection of the bailey truss was greater than that of the main girder,which caused great tensile force in the suspenders at both sides of the truss and little tensile force in the suspenders in the middle.In that case,the suspenders were pre-tensioned before lifting and in the lifting process,the axial forces of the suspenders were adjusted.Presently,the demolishing of the bridge has been completed and the whole process of the demolishing is safe and controllable.
Box girder
Internal forces
Bridge (graph theory)
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As a result of comparing the bracket-system terms of the official
building document in Choson Dynasty with bracket-system terms
that is used in present, the following fact is identified ;
1) Salmi and handae were almost used in the same meaning with
the present bracket-system terms. 2) Haengong, dugong, and
chomcha dose not correspond to the present bracket-system terms
at all. 3) Ikgong was used in similar meaning with the present
terms, but it is showed a little of difference from the present
terms. 4) Domaechom and byongchom are the inner members that
are used in corner bracket of dapo-system. 5) Jwaudae is the
outer member that is used in corner bracket.
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For this study,the installation process of the steel box girder of the main bridge of Xiazhang Sea-Crossing Bridge was taken as the background.The lifting points for installation were optimized through the finite element calculation of the steel box girder sections.Originally,there was a small number of lifting points and the problem of stress concentration also existed,after the optimization,a sound installation condition of multiple lifting points and good stress distribution were created.The natural vibration property of the sections of the steel box girder was studied to guide the application of the equipments which showed vibration during the construction process.The maximum stress near the derrick crane under the transient working condition was analyzed and calculated,so as to control the most unfavorable working stress during the construction process and ensure the safety of the construction.
Bridge (graph theory)
Box girder
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The orthodontic treatment has become simple since the straight arch wire technique was introduced. From then onwards, various improvements have been made on this new method. One of them was to make a bracket small in size. The result was that the effect of wire become more excellent because of the distance between two brackets being changed longer by this small bracket and the disgraceful feeling of patients with bracket was reduced by this one. We call this one mini-bracket. This author has applied it clinically and has gotten good results. And so, the author summarizes the orthodontic points of two case reports of orthodontic treatment using the straight arch wire technique with mini-bracket.
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Objective:To evaluate bracket placement with marked stright wire appliance.Methods:Thirty-five patients with orthodontic tooth movement were divided into two groups randomly.The bracket placement was applied with marked stright wire appliance in the test group,but with traditional way in the control group.The difference was observed on the model of bracket adhibition in two groups.Results:The error rate of bracket adhibition is lower in the test group than that of the control group(P0.01).Conclusion:The clinical applications of bracket placement with marked stright wire appliance can improve the accuracy of bracket adhibition.
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