Dual-channel sensing by combining geometric and dynamic phases with an ultrathin metasurface
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Ultrathin metasurfaces consisting of subwavelength anisotropic plasmonic resonators with spatially variant orientations are capable of generating local geometric phase profiles for circular polarizations (CP) and can be used for multiplexing of electromagnetic waves. As the geometric phase solely depends on the orientation of dipole antennas, the phase profiles cannot be changed dynamically with external environment once the structure is fabricated. Here, by incorporating geometric phase and resonance-induced dynamic phase in a monolayer of nano gold antennas, we show that phase profiles of different spin components can vary independently through modification of the external environment. Specifically, the intensities of the + 1 and -1 order diffracted waves vary asymmetrically with the refractive index of surrounding media, forming a dual-channel sensing system. Our dual-channel sensing method exhibits very high signal-to-noise ratio and stability for sensing of liquid, monomolecular layer and even nanoscale motion, which will have potential applications in various fields, including biosensing, precision manufacturing, monitoring of environment, and logic operations.Creation of a rotating wave field in a high-Q resonator usually requires the resonator to be tuned to compensate for manufacturing errors. The tuning of a rotating wave resonator is more complicated than that of a common resonator. A theory of tuning rotating wave resonators and a procedure for efficiently carrying out this tuning is presented in this paper, along with the authors’ experience in tuning a rotating TM110 mode in a 1.28 GHz microwave resonator.
Helical resonator
Dielectric resonator antenna
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plasmonic 结构的实现通常要求昂贵的制造技术，例如电子横梁和集中的离子横梁平版印刷术，允许低维的结构的自顶向下的制造。以一种自底向上的方式做 plasmonic 结构的另一条途径是胶体的合成，它对液体状态应用或聚集问题是重要挑战的很薄的稳固的电影方便。用这些方法准备的体系结构典型地不为容易的处理和方便集成是足够柔韧的。因此，开发没有不利地影响 plasmonic，有大规模尺寸的柔韧的站台展示的新 plasmonic 在高需求。作为一个答案，这里我们在场合成结构由金 nanoparticles (Au NP ) 组成在大规模上合并了到蔗糖 macrocrystals 的新 plasmonic，当保存 Au NP 的 plasmonic 性质并且在同时处理提供坚韧性时。作为概念示范的一个证明，我们在场经由在蔗糖晶体结合这些 Au NP 的 plasmonic 的绿 CdTe 量点(QD ) 的荧光改进。获得的合成材料展览厘米规模尺寸和产生的量效率(QE ) 被 58% 经由在 Au NP 和 CdTe QD 之间的相互影响提高(从 24% ～ 38%) 。而且，一从 11.0 ～ 7.40 在光致发光一生弄短 ns，对应于 2.4 的一个地改进因素，在 Au NP 的介绍之上被观察进 QD 合并 macrocrystals。这些结果建议如此的香甜的 plasmonic 晶体是有希望的让大规模柔韧的平台嵌入 plasmonic nanoparticles。
Plasmonic Nanoparticles
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics
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We experimentally investigate the effects of noise on the adiabatic and cyclic geometric phase, also termed the Berry phase. By introducing artificial fluctuations in the path of the control field, we measure the geometric contribution to dephasing of an effective two-level system for a variety of noise powers and different paths. Our results, measured using a microwave-driven superconducting qubit, clearly show that only fluctuations which distort the path lead to geometric dephasing. In a direct comparison with the dynamic phase, which is path independent, we observe that the Berry phase is less affected by noise-induced dephasing. This observation directly points towards the potential of geometric phases for quantum gates or metrological applications.
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In this letter, the generalization of geometric phase in density matrix is presented, we show that the extended sub-geometric phase have unified expression whatever in adiabatic or nonadiabatic procedure, the relations between them and the usual Berry phase or Aharonov-Anandan phase are established. We also demonstrated the influence of sub-geometric phases on the physical observables. Finally, our treatment is naturally used to investigate the geometric phase in mixed state.
Matrix (chemical analysis)
Density matrix
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Aharonov–Bohm effect
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Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Since Berry’s discovery of the geometric phase in quantum adiabatic evolution, there has been increased interest in this holonomy phenomenon referred to as Berry phase. Aharonov and Anandan removed the adiabatic condition and studied the geometric phase (AA phase) for any cyclic evolution. AA phase and Berry phase have been verified in experi
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Parallel transport
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In quantum information science, the phase of a wave function plays an important role in encoding information. Although most experiments in this field rely on dynamic effects to manipulate this information, an alternative approach is to use geometric phase, which has been argued to have potential fault tolerance. We demonstrated the controlled accumulation of a geometric phase, Berry's phase, in a superconducting qubit; we manipulated the qubit geometrically by means of microwave radiation and observed the accumulated phase in an interference experiment. We found excellent agreement with Berry's predictions and also observed a geometry-dependent contribution to dephasing.
Dephasing
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Recently, geometric phases, which is fault tolerate to certain errors intrinsically due to its geometric property, are getting considerable attention in quantum computing theoretically. So far, only one experiment about adiabatic geometric gate with NMR through Berry phase has been reported. However, there are two drawbacks in it. First, the adiabatic condition of Berry phase makes such gate very slowly. Second, the extra operation to eliminate the dynamic phase. As we know, geometric phase can exist both adiabatic(Berry phase) and nonadiabatic(Aharonov-Anandan phase). In this letter, we reports the first experimental realization of nonadiabatic geometric gate with NMR through conditional-AA phase. In our experiment the gates can be made faster and more easily, and the two drawbacks mentioned above are removed.
Realization (probability)
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Quantum eigenstates undergoing cyclic changes acquire a phase factor of geometric origin. This phase, known as the Berry phase, or the geometric phase, has found applications in a wide range of disciplines throughout physics, including atomic and molecular physics, condensed matter physics, optics, and classical dynamics. In this article, the basic theory of the geometric phase is presented along with a number of representative applications. The article begins with an account of the geometric phase for cyclic adiabatic evolutions. An elementary derivation is given along with a worked example for two-state systems. The implications of time-reversal are explained, as is the fundamental connection between the geometric phase and energy level degeneracies. We also discuss methods of experimental observation. A brief account is given of geometric magnetism; this is a Lorenz-like force of geometric origin which appears in the dynamics of slow systems coupled to fast ones. A number of theoretical developments of the geometric phase are presented. These include an informal discussion of fibre bundles, and generalizations of the geometric phase to degenerate eigenstates (the nonabelian case) and to nonadiabatic evolution. There follows an account of applications. Manifestations in classical physics include the Hannay angle and kinematic geometric phases. Applications in optics concern polarization dynamics, including the theory and observation of Pancharatnam's phase. Applications in molecular physics include the molecular Aharonov-Bohm effect and nuclear magnetic resonance studies. In condensed matter physics, we discuss the role of the geometric phase in the theory of the quantum Hall effect.
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