Management-focused approach to investigating coastal water-quality drivers and impacts in the Baltic Sea
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This article presents a review of recent developments in studies assessing the global-scale impacts of climate change published since the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). Literature covering six main impact sectors is reviewed: sea-level rise (SLR) and coastal impacts, ocean acidification, ecosystems and biodiversity, water resources and desertification, agriculture and food security, and human health. The review focuses on studies with a global perspective to climate change impacts assessment, although in the absence of global studies for some sectors or aspects of impacts, national and regional studies are cited. The review highlights three major emerging themes which are of importance for the policy- and decision-making process: (1) a movement towards probabilistic methods of impacts assessment and/or the consideration of climate modelling uncertainty; (2) a move towards assessing potential impacts that could be avoided under different climate change mitigation scenarios relative to a business-as-usual reference scenario; and (3) uncertainties that remain in understanding the relationship between climate and natural or human systems. Whether recent impact assessments show a changed risk of damage to human or natural systems since the AR4 depends upon the impact sector; whether the assessments are robust or not (i.e. will stand the test of time) requires additional expert judgement. However, using this judgement, overall we find an increased risk to natural systems, and in some components of human systems.
Judgement
Impact assessment
Ecological forecasting
Human systems engineering
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Amazon basin
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Many studies have been carried out for assessing the impacts of sea-level rise and climate change on the coastal zones. However, further studies are needed to set a basis required for strengthening countermeasures against global warming and preparing adaptation to the impacts. As an attempt of this kind, a study aimed at an integrated assessment for the impacts on coastal zones is in progress. The study consistsof four areas; such as (1) setting scenarios of the future changes of external forces and socio-economic conditions, (2) developing methodologies to evaluate the impacts on sectors and systems in the coastal zone, (3) developing an integrated assessment system using GIS, and (4) applying this system to the Asian and Pacific region. The present status of this study is presented with the results so far obtained.
Climate Change Adaptation
Impact assessment
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Climate Change Adaptation
Central Asia
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Baltic sea
Climate Change Adaptation
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Purpose This paper aims to describe some trends on climate change in the Baltic Sea region, along with current and future expected actions to cope with climate change in the region. Design/methodology/approach The elements that influence climate change in the Baltic Region countries are analysed and co‐operation efforts among the Baltic countries as well as their individual policy and political decisions considering this issue are described. Findings Climate change is one the biggest problems faced today and a major threat to society. There is a need for political measures as well as a change in socio‐economic trends in order to meet the challenges of climate change in the Baltic Sea Region. Originality/value Climate change is a matter of common concern in the 11 Northern European countries, which either are on the Baltic Sea coast or are influenced by the Baltic Sea by being in the catchment area. The importance of international co‐operation is outlined and some recommendations and possible solutions are provided.
Baltic sea
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The problems in coastal area related with climate change have continued to receive a high level of attention. Elevate average of sea level, variation in significant wave height and increased ocean temperature are linked to global climate in many ways. Thus, climate variability and future climate change should become a major interest for engineer, stakeholders, and decision makers, especially for developing strategies for mitigation and adaptation for future coastal development. The objective of this paper is to compile data and information on the potential impacts of climate change to Indonesian coastal area due to global warming from various studies. This paper focus on the impacts of climate change to sea level, wave climate and sea water temperature.
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