Molecular Diversity Analysis and Metabolic Profiling of Seed Oil in Lepidium sativum L. Genotypes
Bhumica SinghDevendra JainArunabh JoshiNamrataN. S. DodiyaSurya ChauhanJitendra MittalAbhijeet Singh
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Keywords:
Lepidium Sativum
Molecular marker
DNA profiling
[Objective]The present experiment was conducted to explore molecular marker-assisted selection for pyramiding Xa23 and bph20 (t) genes in order to get multiple resistant homozygous rice varieties and to provide genetic resources for breeding high yielding and multiple resistant rice varieties. [Method]In addition to hybridization, backcross and traditional field selection methods, molecular markers have been used to identify two-resistant genes, viz., Xa23 and bph20(t) and their pyramiding in homozygous rice strain. [Result]Xa23-linked EST Marker C189 showed highly stable and specific amplification and it may be used as a breeding marker. Marker BYL7 did not showed the expected results and the bands amplified using this were not stable. There is need to develop a more specific marker in order to make use of bph20(t). However, after the pyramiding of genes using MAS and breeding methods, rice stains having 16 Xa23 and bph20(t) were obtained in the BC2F2 groups. [Conclusion]Using Xa23-linked EST Marker C189 and bph20(t)-linked Marker BYL7, we have successfully selected some genotypes in BC2F2 group having two resistant genes pyramided together. The studies demonstrated that marker-assisted selection is a simple and effective tool to breed new multiple-resistant rice varieties.
Molecular marker
Marker-Assisted Selection
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Genetic markers are the marker identifying genetic marterial(gene).There are morphological marker,celluar marker, biochemical marker and molecular marker respectively from the view of identity,cell and molecule.In order to trace the process the utilization of genetic markers in plant genetics and breeding is concluded.
Molecular marker
Molecular Genetics
Marker gene
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Molecular marker is a new type of genetic marker,which developed after morphological marker,cytological marker and biochemical marker.Molecular marker have extensively applied to flax’s study during the past decade,and provided huge conveniences for the studies of genetic relationship,genetic diversity,genetic map construction and resource conservation and utilization.This paper primary illustrated the follow aspects: the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of flax,pedigree analysis,germplasm identification,gene localization,genetic map construction,molecular marker-assisted selection,and the problems of molecular marker in application of flax.
Molecular marker
Germ plasm
Identification
Marker gene
Marker-Assisted Selection
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Breeding strategies in nursery plants is lagging behind most of the agricultural crops while molecular methods have been adopted last decade. Identification and verification of varieties for nursery plants were applied by molecular tools. Marker assisted breeding utilizes the DNA markers linked to genes of interest to achieve efficient selection strategies. Marker assisted selection (MAS) is a process whereby a marker is used for indirect selectionof genetic determinants of a trait of interest. There are different kinds of molecular markers, such as restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These molecular markers allow high density DNA marker maps. In this review, all of these molecular markers have been applied widely among crops and ornamentals and the advantages and disadvantages have been listed. The best molecular markers are those that distinguish multiple alleles per locus (highly polymorphic) and are co-dominant.
Marker-Assisted Selection
Molecular marker
Molecular breeding
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DNA molecular marker is a comparatively ideal genetic markers developed after the shape marker,cellular marker and biochemical marker.In this paper,the types,basic principles and characters were summarized,meanwhile,several new types of molecular markers were introduced which appeared recently.
Molecular marker
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Different types of molecular markers based on DNA have been used for the assessment of genetic diversity in the plant species. Start Codon Targeted Polymorphism (SCoT) marker has recently become the marker of choice in genetic diversity studies. SCoT marker was used for the assessment of genetic diversity in Saudi Arabian date palm cultivars. The percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) at population level ranged from 3.28 to 13.11 with an average of 7.10. The Nei’s gene diversity (h) and Shannon’s Information index (I) were 0.033 and 0.046, respectively. However, at cultivar level, PPL, Nei’s gene diversity (h) and Shannon’s Information index (I) were 42.62, 0.090 and 0.155, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed 48% of variation within the populations, whereas 52% was found among the populations. A hierarchical analysis of molecular variance revealed level of genetic differentiation among populations (52% of total variance, P = 0.001), consistent with the gene differentiation coefficient (Gst = 0.631). Unweighted pair group method of arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis of the SCoT marker data divided the six cultivars and their populations into five main clusters at 0.95 genetic similarity coefficient level.
UPGMA
Molecular marker
Genetic distance
Diversity index
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DNA molecular marker, developed following the shape marker,cellular marker and biochemical marker, is an ideal genetic marker technology .Since developed in 1980s, DNA molecular marker has been broadly applied on crop heredity and breeding research such as on rice, maize and wheat. DNA molecular marker has been also well utilized in foxtail millet since 1997.On the base of introduction of the types and characters of DNA molecular marker, the research status of DNA molecular marker in millet was reviewed and the future development was discussed in this paper.
Molecular marker
Foxtail
Heredity
Molecular Genetics
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Molecular marker is a new and ideal genetic marker which has been developed after morphological marker, cytological marker and biochemical marker. This paper not only summarizes its developing history,present situation and application prospect but also compares the principle, application technology and charactersistic of some new molecular markers,such as RFLP..RAPD AFLP. and SSR.
Molecular marker
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The use of molecular markers, revealing polymorphism at the DNA level, has been playing an increasing part in plant molecular biotechnology and their genetic studies. There are three different types of markers viz. morphological, biochemical and DNA based molecular markers. These DNA based markers are differentiating in two types 1. Non PCR based (RFLP) and 2. PCR based markers (RAPD, AFLP, SSR, SNP etc.). Amongst others, the microsatellite DNA marker is one of the most widely used marker due to its easy use by simple PCR, followed by a denaturing gel electrophoresis. SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) is nowadays is the one which is used mainly. In this review, we are going to discuss about the biochemical and molecular markers which are recently developed, the important characteristics of molecular markers their advantages, disadvantages and the applications of these markers in comparison with other markers types.
Molecular marker
SNP
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An introduction on the conception and types of molecular marker was made after reviewing the newest research progress in this field. The application of molecular marker techniques in plant improvement was discussed: such as construction of genetic map,gene localization,gene group comparing between species,molecular marker assistant breeding; the research advance of molecular marker used in Brassica ssp. was described in detail.
Molecular marker
Marker gene
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