Effects of bacteria on male fertility: Spermatogenesis and sperm function
Hajar OghbaeiYeganeh Rastgar RezaeiSaba NikanfarReza ZarezadehMohammadreza SadegiZeinab LatifiMohammad NouriAmir FattahiYadollah AhmadiNathalie Bleisinger
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Objective: the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of male factor infertility with the clinical patterns of patients in our region. Materials and methods: this is a descriptive retrospective study of 406 infertility cases presented at our urology clinic from February 2018 to February 2019. We assessed hormone and physical examination data, semen analysis results, the contribution of male and female factors to infertility, and types of infertility (i.e., primary or secondary). Results: the age of the male patients ranged from 18 to 50 years, with a mean of 30 ± 5 years. Asthenozoospermia was the leading cause of male factor infertility in 77 patients (19%). Male factors as the sole cause of infertility were found in 185 (45.6%) couples. Female factors as the sole cause were found in 32 couples (7.9%). Primary infertility was determined in 314 (77.3%) patients, and 92 (22.7%) had secondary infertility. Conclusion: according to our results, the male infertility rate was high among couples reporting infertility. Couples should be informed about the causes of infertility, which may be due factors attributed to either sex.
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About 15% of the couples at reproductive age worldwide suffer from infertility. It is estimated that 50% of the entity result from male itself. The mechanism of male infertility is quite complicated, attributing to inherent and environment factors of the infertility patients, of which defects of fertility-related genes are of importance for its occurrence. The clinical features of male infertility vary from azoospermia to oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. This paper presents the relationship between the known defects in genes and male infertility.
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Infertility affects an estimated 15% of couples globally, amounting to 48.5 million couples. Males are found to be solely responsible for 20-30% of infertility cases and contribute to 50% of cases overall. However, this number does not accurately represent all regions of the world. Indeed, on a global level, there is a lack of accurate statistics on rates of male infertility. Our report examines major regions of the world and reports rates of male infertility based on data on female infertility.Our search consisted of systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and population-based studies by searching the terms "epidemiology, male infertility, and prevalence." We identified 16 articles for detailed study. We typically used the assumption that 50% of all cases of infertility are due to female factors alone, 20-30% are due to male factors alone, and the remaining 20-30% are due to a combination of male and female factors. Therefore, in regions of the world where male factor or rates of male infertility were not reported, we used this assumption to calculate general rates of male factor infertility.Our calculated data showed that the distribution of infertility due to male factor ranged from 20% to 70% and that the percentage of infertile men ranged from 2·5% to 12%. Infertility rates were highest in Africa and Central/Eastern Europe. Additionally, according to a variety of sources, rates of male infertility in North America, Australia, and Central and Eastern Europe varied from 4 5-6%, 9%, and 8-12%, respectively.This study demonstrates a novel and unique way to calculate the distribution of male infertility around the world. According to our results, at least 30 million men worldwide are infertile with the highest rates in Africa and Eastern Europe. Results indicate further research is needed regarding etiology and treatment, reduce stigma & cultural barriers, and establish a more precise calculation.
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Objective: Male infertility is a scourge of the 21st century. Its management remains a real headache. The objective of this study is to describe the general profile of male infertility at the IRIFIV In Vitro Fertilization Center, Casablanca, Morocco.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study of 295 patient files seen in consultation for conjugal infertility of the couple between 2017 and 2018. The parameters studied were clinical elements and paraclinical explorations.
Results: The average age of the patients was 37.5 years. The average duration of evolution of infertility was 5.5 years. Infertility was primary in 70.9% of cases and secondary in 29.1% of cases. Clinically, varicocele was the most common abnormality in 65.9% of patients. The seminogram was disrupted in 72% of cases. The main disturbances were oligozoospermia in 40.20% of cases and asthenozoospermia in 37% of cases.
Conclusion: The general profile of infertility is polymorphic. The causes of male infertility noted are multifactorial. Male infertility usually results in a quantitative and/or qualitative abnormality of the sperm. The improvement of the management of infertility must go through new ways of research including genetic and immunological for a good identification of usually hidden causes of infertility.
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Infertility is one of the most serious social problems facing advanced nations. In general, approximate half of all cases of infertility are caused by factors related to the male partner. To date, various treatments have been developed for male infertility and are steadily producing results. However, there is no effective treatment for patients with nonobstructive azoospermia, in which there is an absence of mature sperm in the testes. Although evidence suggests that many patients with male infertility have a genetic predisposition to the condition, the cause has not been elucidated in the vast majority of cases. This paper discusses the environmental factors considered likely to be involved in male infertility and the genes that have been clearly shown to be involved in male infertility in humans, including our recent findings.
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Abstract: Infertility is defined as the inability of couples to have a baby after one year of regular unprotected intercourse, affecting 10 to 15% of couples. According to the latest WHO statistics, approximately 50– 80 million people worldwide sufer from infertility, and male factors are responsible for approximately 20– 30% of all infertility cases. The diagnosis of infertility in men is mainly based on semen analysis. The main parameters of semen include: concentration, appearance and motility of sperm. Causes of infertility in men include a variety of things including hormonal disorders, physical problems, lifestyle problems, psychological issues, sex problems, chromosomal abnormalities and single-gene defects. Despite numerous efforts by researchers to identify the underlying causes of male infertility, about 70% of cases remain unknown. These statistics show a lack of understanding of the mechanisms involved in male infertility. This article focuses on the histology of testicular tissue samples, the male reproductive structure, factors affecting male infertility, strategies available to find genes involved in infertility, existing therapeutic methods for male infertility, and sperm recovery in infertile men. Keywords: male infertility, spermatogenesis, azoospermia, non-obstructive azoospermia
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Male infertility refers to inability of the male partner to make a fertile female to get pregnant. In humans, it represents about 40–50% of cases of infertility. It occurs most frequently due to either decrease in the quantity of living spermatozoa or defects in semen quality. Causes of male infertility are variable, including pre-testicular, testicular and post-testicular factors. Diagnosis usually needs taking full medical history together with performing thorough physical examination and laboratory and radiological investigations. Management of male infertility is individualized according to the incriminated cause of infertility and the available methods of intervention. Recently, prognosis of cases of male infertility had significantly improved with the advancement in the methods of laboratory and radiological diagnosis together with the improvement in the assisted reproductive techniques. Further studies are needed to develop new techniques for management of resistant cases of male infertility.
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Azoospermia, oligospermia and teratozoospermia all seriously impact male reproductive health. Spermatogenesis is a complex and precisely regulated process in which germ cells proliferate and differentiate and involves the regulation of multiple testis-specific genes. Here, we identified testis-specific gene spermatogenesis-associated 48 (SPATA48), the expression of which was age-dependent, indicating that it is involved in spermatogenesis. In humans and mice with azoospermia, expression of SPATA48 disappeared in the testis. Spata48-/- knockout male mice had smaller testis and defective spermatogenesis compared to wild-type (WT) mice. This study can help in the exploration of the genetic basis of male infertility and identify new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility.
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