Enhanced mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion of waste sludge and food waste by using hematite (α-Fe2O3) supported bentonite as additive
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Bentonite
Food Waste
Mesophile
Digestion
Food Waste
Mechanical biological treatment
Green waste
Digestion
Household Waste
Biodegradable waste
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Storage was used as a pretreatment to enhance the methanization performance of mesophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste. Food wastes were separately stored for 0, 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 12 days, and then fed into a methanogenic reactor for a biochemical methane potential(BMP) test lasting up to 60 days. Relative to the methane production of food waste stored for 0–1 day(285–308 m L/g-added volatile solids(VSadded)), that after2–4 days and after 5–12 days of storage increased to 418–530 and 618–696 m L/g-VSadded,respectively. The efficiency of hydrolysis and acidification of pre-stored food waste in the methanization reactors increased with storage time. The characteristics of stored waste suggest that methane production was not correlated with the total hydrolysis efficiency of organics in pre-stored food waste but was positively correlated with the storage time and acidification level of the waste. From the results, we recommend 5–7 days of storage of food waste in anaerobic digestion treatment plants.更多还原
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Abstract Food waste was massively disposed at landfills daily, and this method is no longer effective in managing waste due to the limited space and environmental issues. An alternative solution was explored in managing the food waste, and anaerobic digestion serve as the best solution. Food waste was digested anaerobically in a lab-scale and pilot-scale anaerobic digester. The performance of a batch pilot-scale anaerobic digestion of food waste, on the other hand, is less documented. The goal of this research is to look into a batch pilot-scale anaerobic digester for food waste, with a focus on methane potential and kinetic studies. A single-stage anaerobic digestion of food waste was carried out with an inoculum to substrate ratio (I/S) of 2.0. A variety of tests were carried out to identify the properties of the food waste and the inoculum employed. Effluent was collected daily for the monitoring process. The pH and volatile fatty acid to total alkalinity ratio (VFA/TA) were monitored daily to ensure that the anaerobic digestion process remained stable. The VFA/TA ratio suggested that the anaerobic digestion process was stable throughout the anaerobic digestion process. The methane accumulation for 26 days monitoring is 463250 mL. The ultimate methane yield of 5103.6 mL CH 4 /gVS was observed. The maximum removal efficiency for TS, VS, and COD in this investigation was 85.32, 94.15, and 93.52 %, showing that food waste was efficiently decomposed for biomethane conversion. The Modified Gompertz (GM) and Logistic function models were used to conduct the kinetic analysis. The results reveal that the GM model provides a higher R 2 value than the logistic function model, thus the GM model is more suited in explaining the performance of the anaerobic digestion process.
Food Waste
Alkalinity
Biogas
Gompertz function
Digestion
Green waste
Biodegradable waste
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Abstract. The effect of temperature on bio-hydrogen production by co-digestion of sewerage sludge with food waste and its two derivatives, i.e. noodle waste and rice waste, was investigated by statistical modelling. Experimental results showed that increasing temperature from mesophilic (37 °C) to thermophilic (55 °C) was an effective mean for increasing bio-hydrogen production from food waste and noodle waste, but it caused a negative impact on bio-hydrogen production from rice waste. The maximum cumulative bio-hydrogen production of 650 mL was obtained from noodle waste under mesophilic temperature condition. Most of the production was observed during 48 h of incubation that continued till 72 h of incubation, and a decline in pH during this interval was 4.3 and 4.4 from a starting value of 7 under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, respectively. Most of glucose consumption was also observed during 72 h of incubation and the maximum consumption was observed during the first 24 h, which was the same duration where the maximum pH drop occurred. The maximum hydrogen yields of 82.47 mL VS−1, 131.38 mL COD−1, and 44.90 mL glucose−1 were obtained from mesophilic food waste, thermophilic noodle waste and mesophilic rice waste respectively. The production of volatile fatty acids increased with an increase in time and temperature from food waste and noodle waste reactors whereas it decreased with temperature in rice waste reactors. The statistical modelling returned good results with high values of coefficient of determination (R2) for each waste type when it was opted for the study of cumulative hydrogen production, glucose consumption and volatile fatty acid production. The 3-D response surface plots developed by the statistical models helped a lot in developing better understanding of the impact of temperature and incubation time.
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Food Waste
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Food Waste
Sewage sludge
Biodegradable waste
Thermal hydrolysis
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Food wastage in Europe is increasing, and measures for the reduction and for the utilization of wastes should be taken in order to reduce economic and environmental impacts. Food waste is an attractive feedstock for anaerobic digestion as it has high methane potential, due to its composition with lipids and proteins. Present thesis work assesses thermophilic digestion (55 °C) of food wastes and kitchen wastes collected from University of Jyvaskyla restaurant Ylisto. The produced waste quantities from the restaurant were estimated. The composition and the chemical characteristics of the wastes was analyzed, and the substrate performance was studied in batch and reactor (CSTR) experiments. Overall ca. 2780 kg of kitchen waste and ca. 9450 kg of food waste are estimated to be produced annually. Food waste had average total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) content of 28-32% and 27-30% and kitchen waste 16-23% and 15-22%, respectively. Methane yields for food waste and kitchen waste in batch assays performed at 55 °C were 174 and 186 mL gVS -1 , respectively. Digesters receiving wastes was monitored over period of 210 days, in order to identify the process performance, applicable organic loading rates (OLR) and methane yields in thermophilic process. The highest specific methane yield of food waste in reactor experiments with OLR 6 gVS L -1 d -1 and retention time (HRT) 30 d was 399 mL gVS -1 . At same OLR and HRT, highest specific methane yield for kitchen waste was 433 mL gVS -1 . Increased volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations and ammonia inhibition related to mono-digestion, elevated process temperature and the composition of feedstock occurred at OLR above 3 gVS L -1 d -1 . With determined institution specific waste production ratio of 4.5:1 food to kitchen waste, present study had highest specific methane yield of 354 mL gVS -1 at OLR 6 gVS L -1 d -1 and least signs of inhibition. Nevertheless, the maximum OLR that could sustainably be used in longer time period in order to maintain stable methane production under thermophilic process is around 3 gVS L -1 d -1 that in codigestion of food waste and kitchen waste with HRT 30 d yields methane 150 mL gVS -1 . JYVASKYLAN YLIOPISTO, Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Bioja ymparistotieteiden laitos Ymparistotiede ja -teknologia Koponen Jari: Ruokaja keittiojatteiden kasittely termofiilisessa anaerobiprosessissa Pro Gradu: 50 s. Tyon ohjaajat: FT Prasad Kaparaju & FT Leena Sivula Tarkastajat: Prof. Jussi Kukkonen & FT Prasad Kaparaju Joulukuu 2013 Hakusanat: Termofiilinen anaerobinen kasittelyprosessi, ruokajate, keittiojate, OLR, ammoniakki-inhibitio, VFA.
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Biodegradable waste
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Several treatment alternatives for food waste can result in both energy and nutrient recovery, and thereby potential environmental benefits. However, according to the European Union waste management hierarchy, waste prevention should be the prioritized strategy to decrease the environmental burdens from all solid waste management. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the potential for food waste minimization among Swedish households through an investigation of the amount of avoidable food waste currently disposed of. A further aim was to investigate the effect on the national biogas production potential through anaerobic digestion of food waste, considering minimization potentials. A method for waste composition analyses of household food waste, where a differentiation between avoidable and unavoidable food waste is made, was used in a total of 24 waste composition analyses of household waste from Swedish residential areas. The total household food waste generation reached 3.4 kg (household and week)(-1), on average, of which 34% is avoidable. The theoretical methane (CH4) potential in unavoidable food waste reached 442 Ndm(3) (kg VS)(-1) or 128 Nm(3) tonne(-1) wet waste, while the measured (mesophilic CH4 batch tests) CH4 production reached 399 Ndm(3) (kg VS)(-1), which is lower than several previous assessments of CH4 production from household food waste. According to this study the combination of a decrease in food waste generation-in case of successful minimization-and decreased CH4 production from unavoidable food waste will thus result in lower total potential energy recovery from household food waste through anaerobic digestion CH4 potential than previously stated.
Food Waste
Biogas
Cleaner production
Green waste
Biodegradable waste
Tonne
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Food waste is an inevitable type of waste in every city, and its treatment technology evolves with time. Due to the high organic content and high biodegradability of food waste, anaerobic digestion becomes a commonly accepted treatment method to deal with it. This review article summarizes key factors for anaerobic digestion and provides useful information for successful anaerobic digestions. Reasonable temperature and pH are essential for a successful and productive anaerobic digestion process. A good inoculum to substrate ratio triggers a profitable food waste digestion. Good mixing and small particle sizes are important factors too. In addition, the pros and cons of different reactors to food waste digestion are highlighted. Moreover, co-digestion of food waste with animal manures, sewage sludge, and green waste were introduced.
Food Waste
Biogas
Sewage sludge
Digestion
Biodegradable waste
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Mesophile
Biogas
Food Waste
Green waste
Digestion
Biogas Production
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Food Waste
Cleaner production
Environmental Pollution
waste disposal
Mechanical biological treatment
Biodegradable waste
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