Low-Noise Carrier-Envelope-Offset-Stabilized Yb:CaF2 Oscillator
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Abstract:
We demonstrate a carrier-envelope-offset-stabilized, self-referenceable Yb:CaF 2 oscillator pumped by a single-mode laser diode. By exploiting mode-locking regime based on simultaneous action of the SESAM and the Kerr lens effect we achieved self-starting generation of 85 fs pulses with a peak power approaching 47 kW. The carrier-envelope offset detection scheme was based on a standard f-to-2f interferometer with a spectral broadening in a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber. By employing a pump current feedback locking technique we achieved an in-loop integrated phase noise reaching 67 mrad in the 1 Hz - 1 MHz range. This exceptionally stable operation was enabled by a single-mode pump diode exhibiting intrinsically low-noise characteristics.Keywords:
Mode-Locking
Envelope (radar)
An experimental study of an InP extended cavity passively mode-locked ring laser which shows extra wide frequency comb generation is presented. An increase of the bandwidth to over 40nm at −20dB level is observed. Confirmation of the coherence and measurements of the relative time delay across the comb is presented.
Mode-Locking
Optical frequency comb
Ring laser
Mode (computer interface)
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ABSTRACT Based on experimental results, the phase noise of offset phase locked loop (PLL) is analyzed theoretically and experimented. Analyses are developed both to calculate the in‐band phase noise of a given synthesizer architecture and to predict the impact from the the phase noise of offset local oscillator (LO). This article verifies that the phase noise of offset LO give a direct impact on the in‐band phase noise of frequency synthesizer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2699–2701, 2013
PLL multibit
Oscillator phase noise
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The ability of a frequency comb from a femtosecond mode-locked laser to faithfully reproduce the properties of optical oscillators at microwave frequencies is examined. The fractional frequency instability of the femtosecond comb microwave synthesizer is 2/spl times/10/sup -14///spl tau/, and could improve by at least a factor of 10 upon elimination of excess photodetection noise. Phase-noise levels are also examined. The femtosecond comb frequency synthesizer is compared to other high-performance microwave oscillators and synthesizers and is found to be among the best available. With the realization of predicted improvements in phase-noise and stability for the femtosecond combs and optical frequency standards, the femtosecond comb could eventually synthesize the highest quality microwaves.
Comb generator
Optical frequency comb
Photodetection
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A semiconductor laser under negative optoelectronic feedback is applied to the generation of a microwave frequency comb through the nonlinear dynamics. The laser system is operated in a harmonic frequency-locked pulsing state, where its power spectrum is a microwave frequency comb that consists of multiples of a locking frequency. Every frequency component of the comb can be simultaneously stabilized by simply injecting an external microwave modulation at any component of the comb. This phenomenon can be viewed as a kind of microwave injection locking of the laser dynamics.
Comb generator
Injection locking
Mode-Locking
Harmonic
Frequency multiplier
Optical frequency comb
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Phase noise is a key parameter to evaluate the short-term stability of a microwave oscillator. This metric is of major concern for many applications. A phase locked loop (PLL) is widely used to extract the phase noise. However, due to the limitation of the phase noise of the reference, it is still a technical challenge to precisely characterize the phase noise of a high frequency carrier. To address this issue, we propose a high sensitivity microwave phase noise analyzer by using a photonic-based reference. By combining an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) and a direct digital synthesizer, we achieve a 9 GHz to 11 GHz frequency tunable reference with phase noise of -140 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset, side-mode suppression ratio of 128 dB, and frequency switching time of 176 ns. Thanks to this low phase noise reference, we attain an X-band phase noise analyzer with an excellent sensitivity of -139 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset without cross-correlation. This is the first time to realize a PLL-based phase noise analyzer utilizing an OEO. We thoroughly present a theoretical analysis of our proposed system. Benefiting from the OEO's phase noise independent of frequency, the operation frequency of our proposed system can be extended to the millimeter-wave range while maintaining high sensitivity.
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Oscillator phase noise
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Abstract There are two kinds of surfaces that are formed by the movable bodies: wraparound and envelope surfaces. In this work the authors develop velocity (kinematic) envelope points’ calculation method, when the envelope is known. The method is approximate; and based upon the usage of terms “speed and acceleration”; and lets reduce the amount of calculation using undifferentiated methods of envelope estimation
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The prediction, simulation and verification of the phase noise in low-phase-noise crystal oscillator
In order to achieve the prediction of the phase noise of low phase noise crystal oscillator, based on the classic phase noise model of Leeson, the load Q value (Q L ) is calculated according to the selected oscillator circuit parameters. Thus, on the basis of Lesson phase noise formula, the predicted results of the phase noise of low phase noise crystal oscillators are obtained. Then, the nonlinear transistor model is constructed to simulate the phase noise of low phase noise crystal oscillator by using the ADS (Advanced Design System) simulation software of Agilent and obtain the simulated curve of the phase noise. At last, practical measurement has been performed on these low phase noise crystal oscillator prototypes. The measured results show that: the predicted phase noise of the oscillators and the ADS simulation results obtained by using nonlinear transistor model are both close to the actual measured phase noise, which are at 100Hz and far away offset the carrier frequency. After that, the existence of the deviation, which is near carrier frequency, is analyzed. The prediction and simulation methods given by this paper might be beneficial to simplify the design progress of the low phase noise crystal oscillator.
Oscillator phase noise
Crystal oscillator
Noise temperature
Quantum noise
Noise generator
Flicker noise
Noise spectral density
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Measurements of the pulse dynamics in a mode-locked laser show that gain dynamics must be included. The dynamical response of the timing and phase are measured using femtosecond comb techniques, allowing prediction of the width of the comb lines due to noise.
Femtosecond pulse
Mode-Locking
Mode (computer interface)
Dynamics
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Envelope (radar)
Family of curves
Parametric equation
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We propose an approach to achieving a carrier-envelope phase-locked frequency comb with 25-GHz mode spacing at 1.5 μm. We demonstrate octave-spanning supercontinuum generation with the widest mode spacing ever achieved using a CW laser diode.
Supercontinuum
Envelope (radar)
Mode-Locking
Carrier-envelope phase
Mode (computer interface)
Optical frequency comb
Phase locking
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