[Analysis of medicinal resources diversity of 33 pilots (districts) in Guizhou province].
Xiao-Qi HouWei-Ke JiangSong PeiLangShenghua WeiQing-wen SunChenggang HuTao ZhouQian ZhouMingchuan WangChenghong Xiao
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Abstract:
This study is based on the data analysis of medicinal plant resources and diversity collected from the fourth Chinese traditional medicine resource survey( pilot). Through the analysis of relevant data from 33 census pioneer plots in Guizhou province( area),a total of 265 families,1 432 genera and 5 296 species of medicinal resources were reported,including algae,fungi,lichens,mosses,a total of 43 genera and 35 families,57,48 families,120 genera and 453 species of ferns,gymnosperms 11 families,22 genera and 61 species,167 families,1 243 genera and 4 721 species of angiosperms,4 genera and 4 families four medicinal animals.Compared with the data related to the third survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources,the number of ferns,gymnosperms and angiosperms in the fourth survey has increased far more than that of the third survey. From the regional distribution of medicinal resources,the composition of the genus,the type of life,and the location of the medicine,the richness of the medicinal plant resources in Guizhou province is not only reflected in many types,but also in the variety of medicinal resources. These studies provide a scientific basis for vigorously developing the Chinese herbal medicine industry and the sustainably using medicinal plant resources in Guizhou province.Keywords:
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Based on the digitized herbarium records housed at the National Herbarium of the Netherlands I developed high spatial resolution patterns of Borneo's botanical richness, endemicity, and the floristic regions. The patterns are derived from species distribution models which predict a species occurrence based on the identified relationships between species recorded presences and the ecological circumstances at those localities. A new statistical method was developed to test the species distribution models. Several areas of high richness and endemicity were added to the list of previous known ones. Furthermore, the lowland rain forest of Borneo, previously recognized as one floristic region, in fact harbours at least four (and possibly six) different floristic regions.
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Soil seed bank of an alpine lichen heath was studied by sampling a whole 0.49 m2 plot with subsamples of 10x10 cm size. Germination process continued during three years. 18 species were identified in the seed bank. The species composition was similar to our earlier findings. Species area dependence was analysed in series of plots from 0.01 to 0.49 m2. No significant differences were found between floristic diversity of viable seeds in the soil and floristic diversity of aboveground vegetation at the same plot sizes. Cumulative curve of species richness depending on amount of samples showed that ten to twenty samples are enough to reveal most of the species persisting in the seed bank. Differences between years of sampling as well as species richness dependence on amount of samples and total area of sampling are discussed.
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Floristic survey was carried out on some localities in the Northeast of Langkawi. From these localities 69 specimens were collected; 33 were identified to the generic or specific level while 36 were identified to the family level. The distribution of species was discussed and the richness of the limestone and mangrove flora of Langkawi Island warrants the forests to be conserved.
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Patterns of floristic diversity at multi-scales are rarely known in the Japanese rural Yatsu-landscapes. We examined patterns in plant species richness at the scale of landscape (a small catchment area), landscape element (woodland, levee and traditional verge meadow), and plot, to identify the contribution of smaller spatial scales influencing the diversity at landscape scale. Results showed that woodlands had the highest richness of unique species, defined as those which occurred in only one landscape element, followed by verge meadows, while overall richness was greatest in the meadows. At the plot scale woodlands and verge meadows had similar richness in unique species, while the variation of the number of species was greater in the meadows. Bright plots in the meadows had the highest richness of unique species, whereas several plots in the meadows had few unique species. In verge meadows, understanding patterns at the plot scale would be relatively high contribution to the diversity at landscape level. In woodlands, averagely large, but absence of plots with extremely large number of unique species indicate less contribution of any single plot to the species richness at the landscape scale, implying the importance of conserving more than one plot in any vegetation types within the landscape element.
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Background: Different regionalizations have been proposed for the Sierra Madre Oriental (SMOR), but none of them have analyzed its full floristic diversity.
Hypothesis: The geographical distribution of the vascular plant species of the SMOR allows the identification of floristic regions with unique species that identify them as biogeographic units.
Studied species: Vascular plants.
Study site: Sierra Madre Oriental physiographic province, Mexico.
Methods: Plant species distribution was analyzed in 1 × 1° latitude and longitude grid cells. Characteristic species (those with half or more of their known geographical distribution in Mexico in the SMOR) were identified, and a classification method was applied to distinguish biogeographic regions.
Results: 8,472 species were recorded in the Sierra Madre Oriental, 3,433 of them considered characteristics, of which 2,158 are endemic to Mexico and 585 are considered strictly endemic to the province. The portions of the SMOR in the states of Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, and San Luis Potosí have a higher species richness and this richness decreases towards the south of the province. Five floristic districts were identified within the SMOR.
Conclusions: The phytogeographic analysis carried out and its comparison with other regionalizations shows there is still disagreement in the biogeographic delimitation of the Sierra Madre Oriental and to achieve this goal it is necessary to include neighboring provinces in the analyzes, which will allow to identify their unique species and define their biogeographic limits in a more precise way.
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The arid and semiarid regions of Northern Mexico harbor diverse, highly endemic, and geographically complex ecosystems. These share topographic and biogeographic similarities that can be used as an analytical framework to assess biodiversity patterns. This study presents the current status of vascular plant inventories for Mexican Aridamerica. The spatial distribution of floristic records obtained for different vegetation types was analyzed for a 171-year period of field inventories. Floristic curatorial records (96,302) were obtained from the Mexican National Biodiversity Information System, provided by CONABIO, belonging to 10,772 species. Results show sampling efforts are scarce to characterize the vascular plant diversity of the natural eco- systems of Northern Mexico. The lowest sampling efforts were recorded for the central regions of the states of Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sinaloa, Durango, Zacatecas, and western San Luis Potosi. The highest species richness was obtained for currently disturbed areas, since most of the analyzed floristic records are historical. The sites where most specimens were collected are now agricultural lands or urban zones.
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