Bone Lengthening in the Craniofacial Skeleton
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The process of bone lengthening by cortical fracture and gradual distraction of callus has become well established in the enchondral bones of the extremities. In this study the principles of bone lengthening were applied to the membranous bone of the craniofacial skeleton using the growing dog mandible as a modelKeywords:
Mandible (arthropod mouthpart)
Skeleton (computer programming)
Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a mechanobiological process of producing new bone and overlying soft tissues through the gradual and controlled distraction of surgically separated bone segments. The process of bone regeneration during DO is largely affected by distraction parameters. In the present study, a distraction strategy with varying distraction rates (i.e., “rate-varying distraction”) is proposed, with the aim of shortening the distraction time and improving the efficiency of DO. We hypothesized that faster and better healing can be achieved with rate-varying distractions, as compared with constant-rate distractions. A computational model incorporating the viscoelastic behaviors of the callus tissues and the mechano-regulatory tissue differentiation laws was developed and validated to predict the bone regeneration process during DO. The effect of rate-varying distraction on the healing outcomes (bony bridging time and bone formation) was examined. Compared to the constant low-rate distraction, a low-to-high rate-varying distraction provided a favorable mechanical environment for angiogenesis and bone tissue differentiation, throughout the distraction and consolidation phase, leading to an improved healing outcome with a shortened healing time. These results suggest that a rate-varying clinical strategy could reduce the overall treatment time of DO and decrease the risk of complications related to the external fixator.
Bone Formation
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Distraction osteogenesis has recently evolved a challenging technique to overcome major drawbacks of the traditional orthodontic treatment modalities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of patients with chilopalatognathus who have premaxillary deficiency through distraction osteogenesis using a self-constructed tooth-borne distraction device.Individual tooth-borne distraction devices were used for advancement of the maxillary anterior segment. Distraction was performed for 26 patients in accordance with the specific requirements of each individual. Cephalometric radiographs were taken before treatment (T1), after distraction (T2), and after consolidation for 8 weeks (T3).Cephalometric analysis revealed that the premaxilla was moved forward and that the length of palatal plane increased. In 2 cases, the distractor did not work during distraction and was removed.Distraction osteogenesis using individual tooth-borne distraction devices in patients with chilopalatognathus could effectively resolve soft tissue insufficiencies and hypoplasia of the maxilla.
Maxillary hypoplasia
Premaxilla
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Abstract Distraction osteogenesis (DO) of the craniofacial skeleton has become an effective technique for the treatment of both nonsyndromic and syndromic conditions. The advent of craniofacial DO has allowed for earlier intervention in pediatric patients with less complication risk and morbidity compared to traditional techniques. In this review, we will discuss current application and technique for craniofacial DO by anatomical region and explore future applications in craniofacial surgery.
Craniofacial abnormality
Craniofacial surgery
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Mandible (arthropod mouthpart)
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Navigation System
Mandible (arthropod mouthpart)
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Abstract Severe anisomelia and stunting of the lower limbs are treated with distraction osteogenesis, which involves osteotomy of the femur and tibia and distraction of bone ends by using a device designed for this purpose. Sufficiently slow distraction induces bone growth into the generated gap, whereby the limb can be lengthened by up to 15 cm at a time. Attempts have been made to diminish the disadvantages associated with commonly utilized external distraction devices by using completely implantable lengthening devices, which have been shown to result in an at least equal treatment outcome.
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Mandible (arthropod mouthpart)
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Mandible (arthropod mouthpart)
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Background Distraction osteogenesis is now an important clinical tool in craniofacial surgery. However, controlling the distance and vector of distraction in infants with syndromic craniosynostosis with good repeatability is a task that still proves difficult today. We have developed a new facial osteogenesis distraction system that combines the advantages of external and internal distraction devices to enable control of both the distraction distance and vector. This article describes the method and short-term results of this system. Methods Our distraction system uses both a conventional external distraction device and a newly developed internal distraction device. Postoperative control of the distraction vector is performed using the external device, whereas control of distraction distance is done with the adjustable-angle internal device. This system was used for 2 patients with Crouzon syndrome. Results The system enabled control of lengthening distance and vector, and no complications occurred during the procedures. Conclusions We developed a facial distraction system leveraging the advantages of external and internal distraction devices, which we then used to successfully control both lengthening distance and vector. The system would be particularly indicated in patients with severe scarring due to multiple follow-up surgeries and in patients requiring distraction of 20 mm or more. Aligning the periorbital profile at 5 to 6 years old caused the maxilla to rotate counterclockwise, and we consider that a procedure combining Le Fort III osteotomy with Le Fort I and II osteotomies is required to prevent these rotations.
Craniofacial surgery
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Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is considered one of the treatments of choice for the surgical correction of malformations of the craniofacial skeleton. This is due to its ability to generate bone at the distraction site along with the accompanying soft tissue changes, the possibility to combine DO with traditional orthognathic procedures and the successful reported long-term outcomes following its application to various craniofacial deformities. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the literature on the evolution of DO applications in craniofacial surgery through the last 35 years.
Craniofacial surgery
Craniofacial abnormality
Craniosynostoses
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