Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Spencer L JamesChris D CastleZachary V DingelsJack T FoxErin B HamiltonZichen LiuNicholas L S RobertsDillon O SylteNathaniel J HenryKate E LeGrandAhmed AbdelalimAmir AbdoliIbrahim AbdollahpourRizwan Suliankatchi AbdulkaderAidin AbediAkine EsheteAbdelrahman Ibrahim AbushoukOladimeji AdebayoMarcela Agudelo‐BoteroTauseef AhmadRushdiá AhmedMuktar Beshir AhmedMiloud Taki Eddine AichourFares AlahdabGenet Melak AlameneFahad Mashhour AlaneziAnimut AlebelNiguse Meles AlemaSuliman AlghnamSamar Al‐HajjBeriwan Abdulqadir AliSaqib AliMahtab AlikhaniCyrus AliniaVahid AlipourSyed Mohamed AljunidAmir Almasi‐HashianiNihad A. AlmasriKhalid A AltirkawiYasser S. AmerGK MiniArianna Maever L. AmitCătălina Liliana AndreiAlireza Ansari-MoghaddamCarl Abelardo T AntonioSeth Christopher Yaw AppiahJalal ArablooMorteza Arab‐ZozaniZohreh ArefiOlatunde AremuFilippo ArianiAmit AroraMalke AsaadBabak AsghariNefsu AwokeBeatriz Paulina Ayala QuintanillaGetinet AyanoMartin Amogre AyanoreSamad AzariGhasem AzarianAlaa BadawiAshish BadiyeEleni BagliAtif Amin BaigMohan BairwaAhad BakhtiariArun BalachandranMaciej BanachSrikanta BanerjeePalash Chandra BanikAmrit BanstolaSuzanne Barker‐ColloTill BärnighausenLope H BarreroAkbar BarzegarMohsen BayatiBayisa Abdissa BayeNeeraj BediMasoud BehzadifarTariku Tesfaye BekumaHabte BeleteCorina BenjetDerrick BennettIsabela M. BenseñorKidanemaryam BerhePankaj BhardwajAnusha Ganapati BhatKrittika BhattacharyyaSadia BibiAli BijaniMuhammad Shahdaat Bin SayeedGuilherme BorgesAntonio Maria BorzìSoufiane BoufousAlexandra BražinováН. И. БрикоShyam Sundar BudhathokiJosip CarRosario CárdenasFélix CarvalhoJoão Maurício Castaldelli-MaiaCarlos A Castañeda-OrjuelaGiulio CastelpietraFerrán Catalá-LópezEster CerinJoht Singh ChandanWagaye Fentahun ChanieSoosanna Kumary ChattuVijay Kumar ChattuIrini ChatziralliNeha ChaudharyDaniel ChoMohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir ChowdhuryDinh‐Toi ChuSamantha ColquhounM. 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JacobsenMohammad Ali JahaniNader JahanmehrMihajlo JakovljevićFarzad JalilianSudha JayaramanAchala Upendra JayatillekeRavi Prakash JhaYetunde O. John-AkinolaJost B. JonasNitin JosephFarahnaz JoukarJacek Jerzy JozwiakSuresh JungariMikk JürissonAli KabirRajendra KadelAmaha KahsayLeila R KalankeshRohollah KalhorTeshome Abegaz KamilTanuj KanchanNeeti KapoorManoochehr KaramiAmir KasaeianHagazi Gebremedhin KassayeTaras KavetskyyHafte Kahsay KebedePeter Njenga KeiyoroAbraham Getachew KelboreBayew KelkayYousef KhaderMorteza Abdullatif KhafaieNauman KhalidFakher RahimRovshan KhalilovMohammad KhammarniaEjaz Ahmad KhanMaseer KhanTripti KhannaHabibolah KhazaieFatemeh Khosravi ShadmaniRoba KhundkarDaniel N KiirithioYoung‐Eun KimDaniel KimYoung‐Eun KimAdnan KısaSezer KısaHamidreza KomakiKM ShivakumarV. A. KorshunovAi KoyanagiMoritz U. G. KraemerKewal KrishanBurcu Küçük BiçerNuworza KugbeyVivek KumarNithin KumarG Anil KumarManasi KumarGirikumar KumareshOm KurmiOluwatosin KutiCarlo La VecchiaFaris LamiPrabhat LamichhaneJustin J. LangVan Charles LansinghDennis Odai LaryeaSavita LasradoArman LatifiPaolo LauriolaJanet L LeasherShaun Wen Huey LeeTsegaye Lolaso LenjeboMiriam LeviShanshan LiShai LinnXuefeng LiuAlan D LopezPaulo A. LotufoRaimundas LunevičiusRonan A LyonsMohammed MadadinMuhammed Magdy Abd El RazekNarayan Bahadur MahotraMarek MajdánAzeem MajeedJeadran Malagón-RojasVenkatesh MaledReza MalekzadehDéborah Carvalho MaltaNavid ManafiAmir ManafiAna-Laura MandaNarayana ManjunathaFariborz Mansour-GhanaeiBorhan MansouriMohammad Alì MansourniaJoemer C MaravillaLyn MarchAmanda J. Mason‐JonesSeyedeh Zahra MasoumiBenjamin B. MassenburgPallab K. MaulikGebrekiros Gebremichael MelesAddisu MeleseZeleke Aschalew MelketsedikPeter MemiahWalter MendozaRitesh G. MenezesMeresa Berwo MengeshaMelkamu Merid MengeshaTuomo J MeretojaAtte MeretojaHayimro Edemealem MerieTomislav MeštrovićBartosz MiazgowskiTomasz MiazgowskiTed R. MillerGK MiniAndreea MiricăErkin М МirrakhimovMehdi Mirzaei-AlavijehPrasanna MithraBabak MoazenMasoud MoghadaszadehEfat MohamadiYousef MohammadKarzan Abdulmuhsin MohammadAso Mohammad DarweshNaser Mohammad Gholi MezerjiAbdollah Mohammadian-HafshejaniMilad Mohammadoo-KhorasaniReza MohammadpourhodkiShafiu MohammedJemal MohammedFarnam MohebiMariam MolokhiaLorenzo MonastaYoshan MoodleyMahmood MoosazadehMasoud MoradiGhobad MoradiMaziar Moradi‐LakehFarhad MoradpourLidia MorawskaIlais Moreno VelásquezNaho MorisakiShane D. 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Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. Methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.Keywords:
Disability-adjusted life year
This report is the first of a series of publications about the Victorian Burden of
Disease Study. The study uses the methods developed for the Global Burden of
Disease Study adapted to the Victorian context. It provides a comprehensive
assessment of the amount of ill health, the ’burden of disease’, in Victoria in 1996
and projected to the year 2016. Mortality, disability and illness arising from over
130 diseases, injuries and risk factors are measured in Disability-Adjusted Life Years
(DALYs). The mortality component of the burden of disease, the Years of Life Lost
(YLLs), is the topic of this first report.
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Disability-adjusted life year
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Abstract Background Burden of disease describes the impact of living with and dying prematurely from different diseases or injuries. The Australian Burden of Disease Study (ABDS) 2018 estimated the health impact of 219 diseases and injuries on the Australian population. Methods Burden of disease measures years of healthy life lost from living with (non-fatal) and dying prematurely from (fatal) disease and injury. Fatal and non-fatal burden combined provides the total burden, measured in disability-adjusted life years (DALY). One DALY equals 1 year of healthy life lost. Disease burden was estimated for the years 2018, 2015, 2011 and 2003 for Australia. Results In 2018, 5.0 million years of healthy life were lost from disease and injury. Living with illness or injury caused more total disease burden than dying prematurely (52% vs 48%). Between 2003 and 2018, total burden decreased by 13%, driven by less premature deaths. Disease groups with the biggest absolute reductions in burden (DALY rate) were cardiovascular diseases and cancers. The five leading causes of burden were coronary heart disease, back pain, dementia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. Males experienced more burden than females for most age groups. Conclusions Overall burden of disease declined between 2003 and 2018, due to a large reduction in burden from dying prematurely. Living with the impact of chronic diseases contributed substantial burden in Australia in 2018. Key messages Living with illness or injury accounts for most of the disease burden in Australia. There have been improvements in fatal burden since 2003.
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Disease burden indicators assess the impact of disease on a population. They integrate mortality and disability in a single indicator. This allows setting priorities for health services and focusing resources.To analyze the burden of neurological diseases in Peru from 1990-2015.A descriptive study that used the epidemiological data published by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation of Global Burden of Diseases from 1990 to 2015. Disease burden was measured using disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and their corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), which results from the addition of the years of life lost (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD).The burden of neurological diseases in Peru were 9.06 and 10.65%, in 1990 and 2015, respectively. In 2015, the main causes were migraine, cerebrovascular disease (CVD), neonatal encephalopathy (NE), and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (ADD). This last group and nervous system cancer (NSC) increased 157 and 183% of DALY compared to 1990, respectively. Young population (25 to 44 years old) and older (>85 years old) were the age groups with the highest DALY. The neurological diseases produced 11.06 and 10.02% of the national YLL (CVD as the leading cause) and YLD (migraine as the main cause), respectively.The burden of disease (BD) increased by 1.6% from 1990 to 2015. The main causes were migraine, CVD, and NE. ADD and NSC doubled the DALY in this period. These diseases represent a significant cause of disability attributable to the increase in the life expectancy of our population among other factors. Priority actions should be taken to prevent and treat these causes.
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.Summary measures such as disability-adjusted life years (DALY) are becoming increasingly important for the standardized assessment of the burden of disease due to death and disability. The BURDEN 2020 pilot project was designed as an independent burden-of-disease study for Germany, which was based on nationwide data, but which also yielded regional estimates.DALY is defined as the sum of years of life lost due to death (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD). YLL is the difference between the age at death due to disease and the remaining life expectancy at this age, while YLD quantifies the number of years individuals have spent with health impairments. Data are derived mainly from causes of death statistics, population health surveys, and claims data from health insurers.In 2017, there were approximately 12 million DALY in Germany, or 14 584 DALY per 100 000 inhabitants. Conditions which caused the greatest number of DALY were coronary heart disease (2321 DALY), low back pain (1735 DALY), and lung cancer (1197 DALY). Headache and dementia accounted for a greater disease burden in women than in men, while lung cancer and alcohol use disorders accounted for a greater disease burden in men than in women. Pain disorders and alcohol use disorders were the leading causes of DALY among young adults of both sexes. The disease burden rose with age for some diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, dementia, and diabetes mellitus. For some diseases and conditions, the disease burden varied by geographical region.The results indicate a need for age- and sex-specific prevention and for differing interventions according to geographic region. Burden of disease studies yield comprehensive population health surveillance data and are a useful aid to decision-making in health policy.
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This paper uses the Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) to estimate disease burden at a local level and relates this to programme budget (PB) data.We estimated DALY using the global burden of disease (GBD) template. For years of life lost, local mortality data were used and for years of life with disability, the GBD estimates from World Health Organization EURO A region (including the UK) were used. We used PB data to analyse how healthcare expenditure matched disease burden.In 2005 the burden of disease in Lambeth was estimated at 36,368 DALYs (13,515 DALYs lost per 100,000) and in Southwark was 34,196 DALYs (13,244 DALYs lost per 100,000). There were gender and area differences. The ranking is different when mortality and morbidity are combined compared with mortality alone. We estimated that the average spend per DALY lost in 2005 was 11,066 pounds in Lambeth and 9390 pounds in Southwark.We used a pragmatic approach to estimate overall disease burden providing a local, more comprehensive picture with important differences in spend by disease and health authority area. However, a more detailed approach to support decisions about prioritization based on modelling interventions that impact on avoidable burden of disease is recommended.
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Abstract Background The Scottish Burden of Disease (SBoD) Study monitors the contribution of over 100 diseases and injuries to the population health in Scotland. Providing robust estimates of the burden is important as recent evidence has highlighted stalling life expectancy and worsening trends in self-assessed general health and understanding the burden of disease is the first step in identifying areas of prevention which could have the biggest impact on health. Our aim was to estimate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 2018, for all causes of disease and injury. Methods The SBoD 2016 study estimated the burden for 132 causes of injury and disease using routine data and patient-level record linkage. For this update, years lived with disability were estimated using 2016 age-sex-deprivation specific rates, assuming no change in disease prevalence from 2016, but taking account of changes to the population structure. Years of life lost were calculated from 2018 observed deaths and the application of the Global Burden of Disease aspirational life table. Results In 2018 the leading causes of burden were ischaemic heart disease, Alzheimer's/other dementias, lung cancer, drug-use disorders and cerebrovascular disease, representing over a quarter (27%) of the total DALYs in Scotland. Of the 10 leading causes of disease burden, four are wholly attributable to ill-health, demonstrating the added-value of considering DALYs in conjunction with traditional measures of mortality and morbidity. Conclusions Ischaemic heart disease continues to be the leading cause of burden of disease in Scotland, however recent years show an increase in burden of social causes and diseases primarily affecting the ageing population. These changes in leading causes demonstrate the importance of continuing to monitor the burden of disease in Scotland, to provide robust evidence for planning of local and national services. Key messages The study demonstrates the added-value of considering the burden of disease, in conjunction with traditional measures of morbidity and mortality. Ischaemic heart disease continues to be the leading cause of burden of disease in Scotland.
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It is extremely important to objectively take a view of population health to provide useful information to decision makers, health-sector leaders, researchers, and informed citizens. This study aims to examine the burden of disease in Korea as of 2015, and to study how the burden of disease changes with the passage of time.We used results from the Korean National Burden of Disease and Injuries Study 2015 for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) by gender and age groups from 2007 to 2015. DALYs were calculated as the sum of the years of life lost (YLLs) and the years lived with disability (YLDs).In 2015, the burden of disease for Korean people was calculated at 29,476 DALYs per 100,000 population. DALYs caused by low back pain were the highest, followed by diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The burden of disease showed a consistently increasing trend from 2007 to 2015. Although YLLs have been on the decrease since 2011, the increase in YLDs has contributed to the overall rise in DALYs. The DALYs per 100,000 population in 2015 increased by 28.1% compared to 2007.As for the diseases for which the burden of disease is substantially increasing, it is needed to establish appropriate policies in a timely manner. The results of this study are expected to be the basis for prioritizing public health and health care policies in Korea.
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A system for assessing the burdens imposed by disease and injury was developed to meet healthcare, priority setting, and policy planning needs.The first such system, the Global Burden of Disease (GBD), was implemented in 1990.However, problems associated with limited data and assumed disability weightings remain to be resolved.The purpose of the present study was to estimate national burdens of injuries in Korea using more reliable data and disability weightings.The incidences of injuries were estimated using the Korean National Hospital Discharge Survey and the mortality data from the Korean National Statistical Office in 2010.Additionally, durations of injuries and age at injury onset were used to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALY) using disability weightings derived from the Korean Burden of Disease (KBD) study.Korea had 1,581,072 DALYs resulting from injuries (3,170 per 100,000), which was 22.9% higher than found by the GBD 2010 study.Males had almost twice as heavy an injury burden as females.Road injury, fall, and selfharm ranked 1st, 2nd, and 3rd in terms of burden of injury in 2010.Total injury burden peaked in the forties, while burden per person declined gradually from early adulthood.We hope that this study contributes to the reliable evaluation of injury burden and a better understanding of injury-related health status using nation-specific, dependable data.
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Indicators which help us evaluate the burden of a disease and its related health interventions include financial cost, mortality, and morbidity.1 Quality-adjusted life year (QALY) and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) are two indicators that quantify the total number of years lost because of illness.2 One DALY is equal to one year of healthy life lost, and disease burden is a measure of the gap between current health status and the ideal health status.3 These indicators help us compare disease burdens, and have also been used to forecast the possible impacts of health interventions.3 However, as a limitation, DALY is a generalization of a multifaceted reality, and consequently, provides a rough indication of health impact.4 The consideration of only DALY is not enough for policy makers to base health care plans upon. Policy makers pay the greatest attention to the highest DALYs; however, the presence of lower DALYs, as the major contributing factors of disease burden, should not be ignored. For instance, maternal death maintains a high disease burden, and prevention of coughs in infants does not receive enough financial support.4
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