Lower Respiratory Tract Infection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus
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In this online Open Access book on "Human RSV Infections", several distinguished authors contribute their experience in respiratory syncytial virology. A major focus lies on the fascinating pathophysiology of RSV and represents recent and actual work on different mechanisms involved in the complex pathogenesis of the virus. The second section elucidates epidemiologic and diagnostic aspects of RSV infection covering a more clinical view of RSV disease. At last, treatment modalities including the search for a vaccine that is still not in sight are discussed and conclude this book, thus building up a circle that runs from experimental models of RSV related lung disease over clinical aspects of disease to the latest news of therapeutic and prophylactic approaches to human RSV infection.
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Objective: This study was performed with the aim to define the genotypes of RSV strains in pediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), and to evaluate their molecular correlations. Method: Nasopharyngeal swab samples were obtained from 72 patients with LRTI, between December 2012 and May 2013, in the Pediatrics Department of Akdeniz University Hospital. Twenty- eight RSV-A isolates and one RSV-B isolate were determined by real-time PCR (RealStar RSV RT-PCR, Altona Diagnostics). The part of the G gene was sequenced for genotyping 20 RSV-A strains. Nucleotide sequences were analyzed with ClustalX program (version 2.1). The phylogenetic tree was constructed with “neighbor-joining” by the using the MEGA (version 6.06) software. Results: The median age of the patients were 35 days (range: 8-6061). All RSV-A isolates were identified as genotype GA2. Eleven isolates were identical; six of them caused hospital-acquired and five communityacquired RSV infections. Six patients were considered to have nosocomial infections including 4 cases in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (premature), one in the Neonatal Clinics and one in the Pediatric HematologyOncology Clinics. Five of eleven identical isolates were identified in patients with community-acquired infections. Conclusion: Nosocomial and community-acquired RSV infections in our hospital were caused by RSV A GA2 subtype. Identical strains were detected in community- acquired infections in the same region, and; these strains also caused nosocomial infections. Monitoring of RSV infections, detecting of genotype with molecular microbiological analysis and applied standard isolation precautions are important in clinics at increased risk for nosocomial infections.
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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important pathogens of infectious respiratory tract illness of children. An outbreak of infection with RSV regularly occurs in winter yearly, and is accompanied by an increased incidence of infants with severe lower respiratory tract illness, such as pneumonia or bronchiolitis. It has also been reported that RSV was isolated from middle ear exudate of children with otitis media. Although the pathogenesis of diseases induced by this virus is not fully elucidated, recent observations suggest an involvement of some immune mechanisms, particularly in the development of such a wheezy respiratory tract illness as bronchiolitis.
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