Physicochemical and Mechanical Performance of Freestanding Boron-Doped Diamond Nanosheets Coated with C:H:N:O Plasma Polymer
Michał RycewiczŁukasz MacewiczJiří KratochvílAlicja StanisławskaMateusz FicekMirosław SawczakVítězslav StraňákMarek SzkodoRobert Bogdanowicz
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The physicochemical and mechanical properties of thin and freestanding heavy boron-doped diamond (BDD) nanosheets coated with a thin C:H:N:O plasma polymer were studied. First, diamond nanosheets were grown and doped with boron on a Ta substrate using the microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique (MPECVD). Next, the BDD/Ta samples were covered with nylon 6.6 to improve their stability in harsh environments and flexibility during elastic deformations. Plasma polymer films with a thickness of the 500-1000 nm were obtained by magnetron sputtering of a bulk target of nylon 6.6. Hydrophilic nitrogen-rich C:H:N:O was prepared by the sputtering of nylon 6.6. C:H:N:O as a film with high surface energy improves adhesion in ambient conditions. The nylon-diamond interface was perfectly formed, and hence, the adhesion behavior could be attributed to the dissipation of viscoelastic energy originating from irreversible energy loss in soft polymer structure. Diamond surface heterogeneities have been shown to pin the contact edge, indicating that the retraction process causes instantaneous fluctuations on the surface in specified microscale regions. The observed Raman bands at 390, 275, and 220 cm-1 were weak; therefore, the obtained films exhibited a low level of nylon 6 polymerization and short-distance arrangement, indicating crystal symmetry and interchain interactions. The mechanical properties of the nylon-on-diamond were determined by a nanoindentation test in multiload mode. Increasing the maximum load during the nanoindentation test resulted in a decreased hardness of the fabricated structure. The integration of freestanding diamond nanosheets will make it possible to design flexible chemical multielectrode sensors.Keywords:
Nylon 6
For the hardness testing at nano-scale,the load-depth curves are obtained by nanoindention testing machine and real 3-demention morphology images of indentation are obtained by atomic force microscopy.The nanoindentation hardness can be achieved by these curves,images and corresponding calculating method.The nanoindentation hardness values are different because of different calculation and measurement methods.Comparing and analyzing these methods,their advantages and disadvantages are presented,and the future tendency of nanoindentation hardness calculation and measurement methods is presented.
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In this paper, an overview on nanoindentation and its combination with AFM is presented with regard to current instrument technology and applications on dental and bony tissues. Nanoindentation has been a widely used technique to determine the mechanical properties such as nanohardness and Young’s modulus for nanostructured materials. Especially, atomic force microscopy (AFM) combined with nanoindentation, with the pit positions controlled accurately, become a powerful technique used to measure mechanical properties of materials on the nanoscale, and has been applied to the study of biological hard tissues, such as bone and tooth. Examples will be shown that significantly different nanohardness and modulus in the isolated domains within single enamel, the prisms, interprisms, the surrounding sheaths and the different parts of skeletal bone, could been distinguished, while such information was unable to be obtained by traditional methods of mechanical measurements.
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In this paper, the nanoindentation system and atomic force microscope (AFM) are integrated to improve the limitation of the present area function of nanoindentation test used for shallow depth. The projected areas under the shallow contact depth are modified through scanning directly the immediate vinicity of indenter tip. The results indicate that both indentation hardness and reduced modulus obtained from the proposed method are better than those of the present area function as well as the perfect geometry relation.
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Abstract Polymers tend to have low surface free energy, a significant cause of adhesion properties with other substances. Plasma treatment is an optimal method to improve surface properties. This work used a recycled glass fiber‐polymer coating, and another based on Nylon 6,6. The surface modification of both layers was carried out with an atmospheric plasma treatment at different times. Chemical analysis of the plasma treated and the untreated surface were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigated the morphology and topography surface. The plasma treatment results improve wettability and surface free energy. The contact angle decreases for Nylon 6,6 from 68° to 0° and for glass fiber‐polymer from 56° to 18°. However, the wettability remains over time in Nylon 6,6 layer, and the composite material reverts in 15 days. The high surface free energy after plasma treatment was mainly due to an increase in the polar component by inserting polar groups. The % crystallinity increases with plasma treatment due to the loss of the amorphous part of the polymer by plasma etching. AFM analysis shows an improvement in the roughness surface after treatment. These results greatly interest in enhancing adhesion with other substrates.
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The mechanical properties of radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering epitaxial ZnO thin film on aluminum and diamond substrates were investigated by nanoindentation. Comparing the different substrates, we are able to assess the mechanical properties of the film on nanoindentation response. Though the elastic modulus and hardness values of the film are consistent on different substrates, the experimental results are distributed with a range of E (approximately 20-55 GPa) and H (approximately 0.4-2.5 GPa) due to amorphous structure even the indentation depth less than half of film thickness(1 microm).
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The development and the present situation of nanoindentation instruments are briefly summarized in this paper.The development progress of nanoindentation test in recent years is stated.Then,from aspects of driver,load measuring and displacement measuring,the structures of some representative nanoindentation instruments are introduced and compared.And the integrated technology of nanoindentation instruments is introduced,which includes technology of affecting depth measuring precision,observation,big load module and high temperature testing module.Finally,the future tendency of nanoindentation instruments is presented.
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Nanoindentation is an important and versatile technique for probing the properties of materials on the nanoscale. There are many factors that may affect nanoindentation measurements. One factor is the added compliance associated with mounting resins used to fix nanoindentation samples in place. We report on the effect of specimen mounting resin compliance on nanoindentation results.
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