Impact of exercise on bone mineral density, fall prevention, and vertebral fragility fractures in postmenopausal osteoporotic women
Morgan K. HokeNidal B. OmarJohn AmburgyD. Mitchell SelfAmanda SchnellSarah MorganEmerson A. LariosM. R. Chambers
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A self-administrated questionnaire was performed to clarify the actual circumstances of community-based screening for osteoporosis. The results revealed that only 25 percent of communities performed follow-up of high-risk participants, representing a disappointing result for assessing evidence of the benefits of measuring bone mineral density in preventing osteoporosis. Secondly, a review of the literature was performed to clarify the benefits of measuring bone mineral density in preventing osteoporosis. The review revealed that increased measurements could predict fractures among elderly and peri- and postmenopausal women, and elderly men.
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Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
Densitometry
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Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone strength that increases the risk for fracture. Approximately 10 million men and women in the United States have osteoporosis, and more than 2 million osteoporosis-related fractures occur annually. In 2016, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists issued the “Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis,” and in 2017, the American College of Physicians issued the guideline “Treatment of Low Bone Density or Osteoporosis to Prevent Fracture in Men and Women.” Both guidelines agree that patients diagnosed with osteoporosis should be treated with an antiresorptive agent, such as alendronate, that has been shown to reduce hip and vertebral fractures. However, there is no consensus on how long patients with osteoporosis should be treated and whether bone density should be monitored during and after the treatment period. In this Beyond the Guidelines, 2 experts discuss management of osteoporosis in general and for a specific patient, the role of bone density monitoring during and after a 5-year course of alendronate, and treatment recommendations for a patient whose bone density decreases during or after a 5-year course of alendronate.
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Skeletal disorder
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Diabet. Med. 28, 872–875 (2011) Abstract Aim There are conflicting data regarding the risk of osteoporosis in patients with Type 1 diabetes. We investigated an association between diabetes, bone mineral density and prevalent fractures. Methods A single‐centre, cross‐sectional study of men and pre‐menopausal women with Type 1 diabetes ( n = 128) and a matched control group ( n = 77) was conducted. The primary outcome measure was bone mineral density and secondary measures were markers of bone metabolism and prevalent fractures. Results Hip and total body bone mineral densities were significantly lower in women with diabetes compared with control subjects. In men, no difference in bone mineral density was found. A multivariate regression analysis in women with diabetes revealed higher BMI as the strongest predictor of higher total hip, femoral neck and total body bone mineral density, whereas previous fractures were inversely associated with total hip bone mineral density and C‐terminal telopeptide of type I collagen with total body bone mineral density. Poor long‐term glycaemic control was not associated with low bone mineral density. Fracture frequency was higher in patients with diabetes compared with control subjects (1.64 vs. 0.62 per 100 patient‐years; P < 0.05). In a multivariable model, long‐term HbA 1c control was associated with increased clinical fracture prevalence (OR 1.92; 95% CI 1.09–2.75) in those with diabetes. Conclusions Type 1 diabetes contributes to low bone mineral density in women. Previous fractures and low BMI were strong predictors of impaired bone mineral density and should therefore be considered in risk estimation. Fractures are more frequent in Type 1 diabetes. Long‐term hyperglycaemia may account for impaired bone strength, independently from bone mineral density.
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• The purposes of this study were to compare the lumbar spine bone mineral density of eumenorrheic and amenorrheic white subjects aged 15 to 21 years, and to describe the femoral neck bone mineral density in the eumenorrheic subjects. Twenty-eight eumenorrheic females had lumbar bone mineral density (mean±SD) of 1.213±0.117 g/cm2, and femoral neck bone mineral density of 1.032± 0.092 g/cm2measured with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Bone mineral density at neither site was related to age, energy intake, or calcium intake. Femoral neck bone mineral density was related to energy expenditure. Body composition was measured with total body electrical conductivity, and bone mineral density at both sites was related to body weight as much as fat-free mass. Eight amenorrheic subjects had a lumbar spine bone mineral density of 1.057± 0.113 g/cm2, which was lower than in the eumenorrheic group. However, when controlling for weight, this difference was not significant. Peak lumbar and femoral neck bone mineral density may be reached at midadolescence. (AJDC. 1992;146:31-35)
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Through testing the bone mineral density of the elderly in Qiqiharto analyze the relation and differences in bone mineral density of different ages and gender and the probability of osteoporosis.As a result,it isfound that the elderly in different ages and gender own different bone density.With the age increasing,bone density declines,whereas the risk of osteoporosis increases,which happens to the femalemore easily than male.
Elderly people
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Body weight is positively associated with bone mineral density but the relationship between obesity and bone mineral density is unclear. Leptin and adiponectin are potential independent contributors to bone mineral density. We assessed the correlations of body composition, leptin and adiponectin with bone mineral density, and whether leptin, adiponectin and body composition determine bone mineral density independently in prepubertal girls. Forty-eight prepubertal girls were classified into obese and control groups by body mass index. Serum leptin and adiponectin levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Bone mineral density was measured using dual energy radiography absorptiometry and body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Lean and fat mass, and leptin were positively correlated with bone mineral density. Lean mass was a positive independent predictor of femoral and L-spine bone mineral density. Serum leptin was a positive independent predictor of femoral bone mineral density. Fat mass was a negative independent predictor of femoral bone mineral density. In prepubertal girls, lean mass has a favorable effect on bone mineral density. Fat mass seems not to protect the bone structure against osteoporosis, despite increased mechanical loading. Serum leptin may play a biological role in regulating bone metabolism.
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
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OBJECTIVE To understand osteoporosis and bone mineral density measurement of middle-aged and aged people in Huairou of Beijing, put forward the prevention measures. METHODS Used Metriscan dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to detect bone mineral density in 894 cases, relationship between bone mineral density measurement and T-Score score (T), the prevalence of osteoporosis. RESULTS Every 10 years as a age period, a total of five age periods, age increased while bone mineral density, T value gradually declined, there were significant differences in bone mineral density value, T value in each age group (P﹤0.05). The bone mineral density and T value in each group were different between genders (P﹤0.05). (2) In 40-49 years, 50-59 years, 60-69 years, and 70-79 years, and 80 years groups, male osteoporosis prevalence was 2.31%, 4.76%, 17.11%, 33.33%、 64.29%, and female 3.31%, 11.97%, 35.56%, 61.54%, 75.00%. Female osteoporosis prevalence was higher than male. Older than 50 years, differences in prevalence were found between genders (P﹤0.05). CONCLUSION Determination of bone density contributes to the early detection of osteoporosis, osteoporosis prevalence of elderly in Huairou the increases with increasing age. Women have lower bone density and their osteoporosis prevalence is more serious, who is the main controlled target.
Dual energy
Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
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