Fracture and load-carrying capacity of 3D-printed cracked components
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3d printed
Fused Deposition Modeling
Polycarbonate
3D printing technology was developed nearly 30 years ago. One of its characteristics is that instead of removing materials, 3D printing creates 3D elements directly from CAD models, adding one layer of material on another. This offers a beneficial capability of making complex elements in terms of shape and materials, impossible to be manufactured by traditional methods. Owing to intensive research in recent years, considerable progress has been achieved in the development and commercialisation of new innovative processes of 3D printing by fused deposition modeling (FDM), including printing of composite materials. The study outlines the main methods of creating polymer composite structures using FDM technology.
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本論文は,熱溶解積層方式3Dプリンタによる「たんぽぽの綿毛」の作品制作を題材として,3Dモデルに依存しない造形パスのデザインや3Dプリンタを用いた作品制作について報告するものである.熱溶解積層方式を用いた毛の造形の先行研究を調査するとともに,従来の造形手法では困難であった綿毛の形状や接触回避,安定した造形と量産を実現した.これら課題の解決方法について,具体的な制作過程とともにまとめる.制作と展示の結果を踏まえて,3Dプリンタの扱い方やその可能性,3Dプリンタを用いた作品制作について議論する.
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Additive manufacturing (AM) has acquired an increasing interest from industrial, academic, and research fields in the last few decades. One of the AM techniques that is overgrowing and gripping more attention is Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). 3D printed parts with FDM are being considered in replacing traditionally manufactured parts made with traditional materials. Hence, comes the need for understanding the mechanical behavior of printed parts to evaluate its eligibility for any given application. However, knowledge established is lacking information about 3D printing materials mechanical properties. From here comes the aim of this paper, which is to investigate the compression properties of PLA 3D printed samples. Furthermore, to examine the consistency of mechanical behavior over duplicated 3D printed samples. Specimens would be 3D printed by the FDM technique under the same 3D print conditions to minimize and -or if possible- eliminate the impact of unwanted factors on compressive properties of the material.
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3D printing of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) type is the most common, and has a large number of users. FDM-type 3D printing has many advantages; however it has some problems and disadvantages too. If these disadvantages are overcome, the utilization of FDM type will be maximized. In this paper, some parameters are identified to adjust for improving the quality of FDM type 3D printing, research the correlation between the proposed control parameters, and suggest the optimization methodology with the identified parameters. We confirmed that various parameters involved in FDM-type 3D printing. There are already a lot of information about these parameters, but we tested them scientifically and verified. Particularly, when verifying the relation between parameters and 3D printing quality, the characteristic according to the bed temperature has negative influence of the overall quality as the 3D printing progresses. The bed temperature characteristics were found to contribute to 3D printing quality that the bed temperature be adjusted by lowering or eliminating is better than the bed temperature at the material set well on the bed. Currently, almost all FDM-type 3D printers require manual adjustment of parameters, and the study of these parameters would be a milestone in the development of the automation technology.
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3D프린터를 활용한 맞춤형 재활 기기를 제작하기 위해서 3D 프린팅으로 제작된 부품의 약한 기계적 강도와 내부 결함을 확인하기 어렵다는 점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 Poly Lactic Acid(PLA) 필라멘트를 이용하여 Fused Deposition Manufacturing(FDM) 3D프린터 출력 시 출력 온도와 출력속도, 적층 각도에 따른 기계적 강도에 미치는 영향을 인장실험을 통하여 알아보고 어닐링 방법을 통하여 기계적 강도 향상과 내부결함 판단법을 제안하고자 한다. 최적 출력 방법과 플라스틱 사출에서 주로 사용하는 어닐링 기법을 FDM 3D프린터에 적용하였고, 최적 어닐링 온도와 효과를 제안하였다. 이를 통해 맞춤형 재활 기기 제작 시 기계적 강도에 대한 이슈를 해결하고자 한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 출력 조건은 온도 220℃ 출력 시 형상 오차가 적고 강도가 강했으며 어닐링 시 23%가 증가하였으며, 출력속도 10mm/s 시편의 강도가 가장 강했으며 어닐링 시 강도가 33% 증가하여 가장 효과가 크게 나타났다. 어닐링 온도로는 유리 전이온도 부근인 60℃에서는 모든 시편이 인장강도가 증가했으나, 결정화 온도근방인 105℃에서는 구조적 결함이 존재하는 출력물은 시편이 비틀림, 들뜸 현상에 의한 인장강도의 약화 현상이 발견되었다. 이러한 결과는 맞춤형 재활 기기 제작에서 높은 기계적 강도와 내부결함파악이 중요시 요구되는 부위에 제작되면 효과적으로 이용될 것이다.
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Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is an Additive Manufacturing Technology for printing 3D objects layer by layer. The main purpose of the research is to develop a low cost 3D Printer using easily available materials and conventional methods for fabrication which can be used to print objects confined within 300 x 250 x 300 (in mm) Printing Area. Many Industries uses traditional methods for developing prototype for analysis rather than using technologies like 3D printing because it is expensive.
After thorough market survey, we came to a conclusion that 3D Printers available in the Indian market are priced around Rs. 50,000 to 60,000 due to type of supporting material used. Initially we designed our 3D Printer completely in 3D Modelling Software SOLIDWORKS and analysed each part and selected readily available material appropriately so as to develop a cost effective printer. Main objective of research is to develop a printer which is cost effective and to encourage manufacturers to adopt the method of 3D Printing.
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