Relationship between petrographic parameters and physical-mechanical properties of weakly cemented sandstones
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Petrographic characteristics (textural properties and modal compositions) have an intrinsic influence on the physical and mechanical (PM) properties of weakly cemented sandstones. Sixteen sandstone samples were tested to determine the PM parameters and then thin sections from those samples were used to measure the petrographic parameters. Petrographic parameters were analysed statistically to establish quantitative relationships between the petrographic characteristics and PM properties. Based on multiple linear regression (MLRA) and stepwise multiple regression analyses (SMRA), several multiple regression equations with significant petrographic variables were established for estimating the PM parameters of the sandstone. Results indicated that uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and Young's modulus ( E ) were closely related to mean grain size (Mz) (φ-value), non-uniform coefficient (Cu), fractal dimension (F d ), Riley sphericity (Ψ p ), packing proximity (P p ), floating contacts (Fl), grain-to-grain contacts (G-G), feldspar content and organic matter content. An increased percentage of grain-to-cement contacts (G-C) and reduced percentages of grain-to-matrix contacts (G-M) and organic matter content indicated a high value of Poisson's ratio (POISS). In addition, Mz, C u , F d , Ψ p , quartz, feldspar, and organic matter contents were found to be significant parameters for density and P-wave velocity ( V p ). Furthermore, density and POISS could be predicted using the results from the MLRA and F d was a good predictor for density, V p and UCS using the results from the SMRA. Additionally, it was noted that the petrographic characteristics of roof sandstones had significant influence on the overburden pressure characteristics within the coal faces in the Shendong mining area.The application of petrographic analysis to the problems of provenance attribution of ceramics made in the Islamic world is complicated by the presence of the highly quartzose ‘stonepaste’body. To facilitate the differentiation of different stonepaste groups, it has been necessary to develop specific criteria for distinguishing the characteristics of each centre, including the assessment of the degree of cloudiness of the quartz as rendered by fluid inclusions. This has enabled the successful application of petrographic analysis, and the solution of a number of provenance problems.
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Biplot
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Abstract Differences in particle roundness and petrography have been studied in more than 250 gravel pits all over Gotland. The recording of petrographic properties was. however, restricted to the differences in the percentual representation of limestones, marlstone. Burgsvik sandstone, and the erratic, Precambrian elements. Gotland may be divided into distinct regions, according to the petrography of the gravels. The differences are interpreted as being due, to a certain extent, to the influence of various ice flows over the island, where the ice flows carried material of specific petrographic composition. The possibility of tracing the source formation of littoral accumulations by using petrographic analysis has been investigated. It is considered that such analyses alone are not sufficient to allow safe conclusions to be drawn.
Marl
Eemian
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Study of Indian refractory materials, under the petrographic microscope does not appear to have received sufficient attention. Petrographic data on Indian silica and magnesite bricks have been presented as also those on some foreign bricks for comparison. Correlated data like true density, thermal expansion, etc. have been included for a better appreciation of the petrographic data given.
Refractory (planetary science)
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Abstract A summary of existing petrographic studies on Wyoming coal beds shows changes in the style of petrography. Authors have gradually incorporated new methodologies such as macroscopic petrography together with microscopic, the use of oxidative etching to improve differentiation of petrographic entities and the inclusion of non-petrographic data (sedimentology, palynology, coal chemistry) with petrography as an aid in interpreting depositional environments or in assessing a coal's potential uses. However, at least two major problems still exist for petrographic study of Wyoming coal; sampling and analytical methods are inappropriate for thick coal beds and microscopic petrographic results cannot be compared with data from peat, the modern analogue of coal. It is suggested that the time and effort required for sampling and petrographic analysis of thick coal beds can be reduced by the use of stratified sampling of macroscopically defined units together with collection of block, rather than channel samples. In addition, the microscopic petrography of coal can be compared to that of peat when botanical components are identified on block samples of coal, rather than maceral entities being identified on particulate pellets.
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