Mastering Yield Stress Evolution and Formwork Friction for Smart Dynamic Casting
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The construction industry is a slow adopter of new technologies and materials. However, interdisciplinary research efforts in digital fabrication methods with concrete aim to make a real impact on the way we build by showing faster production, higher quality and enlarged freedom of design. In this paper, the potential and constraints of a specific digital slip-forming process, smart dynamic casting (SDC), are investigated with a material-focused approach in the complex task of producing thin folded structures. Firstly, the workability and the strength evolution of different material compositions are studied to achieve the constant processing rate for SDC. Secondly, friction between the formwork walls and the concrete, a key aspect in slip-casting, is studied with a simplified experimental setup to identify if any of these mixes would provide an advantage for processing. Finally, a theoretical framework is constructed to link the material properties, the process conditions and the designed geometry. This framework introduces the 'SDC number' as a simplified approach to formulate the process window, the suitable conditions for slip-forming. The experimental results prove the assumption of the model that friction is proportional to yield stress for all base compositions and acceleration methods regardless of the filling history. The results are evaluated in the context of the narrow process window of thin folded structures as well as the wider process window of columns. The necessity of consistent strength evolution is underlined for narrow windows. Further, friction is shown to be the highest initially, thus with both narrow and wide process windows, after a successful start-up the continuation of slipping is less prone to failure. The proposed theoretical model could provide material and geometry-specific slipping strategy for start time and slipping rate during production.Keywords:
Formwork
Building the structural components is crucial for constructing a multi-story building. In the process of creating these components, which is commonly done through casting, a tool called formwork is required. Formwork is a tool used to mold the necessary concrete structures, ensuring that their shape and dimensions align with the concrete material's planning. Formwork tasks for concrete work significantly impact costs. Different formwork options, including traditional, semi-system, and full-system forms, are available. This research aims to assess cost-effectiveness through value engineering, specifically focusing on column formwork, by comparing their utilization in a multi-story construction project. The study begins by collecting primary data, namely working drawings, so that the volume of conventional formwork can be calculated. Then, budget planning calculations are made to analyze the cost comparison of each formwork alternative. The selection of the appropriate formwork affects the speed of execution and the costs incurredIn this construction project for the building, the conventional column formwork results in expenses amounting to IDR 587,749,263.04 and requires 28 days for completion, while semi-system column formwork achieves a 37% cost saving with the same duration of 28 days, and full-system column formwork becomes 64% more cost-effective with a construction period of 10 days.
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Formwork
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Formwork
Base (topology)
Hydrostatic pressure
Hydrostatic equilibrium
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The F3D(Free-Form Formwork 3D Printer) technology that manufactures EPS(Expanded Polystyrene) formworks for irregular-shaped concrete structures by 3D printers was developed to reduce the cost and time. Because of weak strength and low elastic modulus of the EPS, structural performance including lateral pressure by fresh concrete of the formwork that consisted of EPS should be investigated. In order to calculate lateral pressures acting on formwork, several variables including sizes, shapes of formwork, tangential force(fricition) between fresh concrete and formwork, and material properties of fresh concrete should be considered. However, current regulations have not considered the properties of concrete, only focused on vertical formwork. Galleo introduced 3-dimensional finite element analysis models to calculate lateral pressure on formwork. Thus, proposed finite element analysis model based on previous studies were verified for vertical formwork and irregular-shaped formwork. The test results were compared with those by FEM analysis. As a result, the test agrees well with the analysis.
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The paper will explore formwork used in the construction of concrete wall panelling. Formwork, as auxiliary construction, has a wide spectrum of use and as such deserves special attention in the field of civil engineering. Furthermore, assembly and disassembly of formwork plays a huge part in the construction time and the cost of reinforced concrete constructions. Consequently, knowledge of formwork and choosing optimal technology are tremendously important for saving money and easing the construction process. Functional requirements and the criteria of quality that every formwork system must fulfil are defined in this paper. Furthermore, the paper explores which factors dictate choice of work process and the type of formwork. The paper also delves into the materials used in the making of formwork by comparing wooden, steel, aluminium other types of formwork. The following basic elements of formwork assembly are described and shown with images: formwork panels, subcostructions, load-bearing constructions, binding agents and regulation devices. Lastly, the paper explains the classification of contemporary formwork systems according to the respective construction technologies in detail and every system is studied further through selected examples.
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Building Construction
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Needle-beam full-circular formwork jumbos are used in the construction of the secondary lining of the intake tunnel of Taishan Nuclear Power Plant,so as to realize once-for-all and rapid construction of the full-circular concrete lining of the sub-sea water-diversion tunnel.In this paper,the method and procedure of the construction of the secondary lining are analyzed,the main structure and technical parameters of the formwork jumbos are presented,and the key construction technologies are described.Furthermore,three innovative points of the application of the formwork jumbos,including the construction arrangement and design inside and outside of the tunnel in the case of 3 formwork jumbos,the continuous construction of the lining by means of 3 formwork jumbos and the cautions for the continuous construction of the lining by 3 formwork jumbos,are summarized.
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The formwork is temporary structure to support the building structure and it is the main factor for successful of completion of project with respect to speed,quality,economic and safety. In building construction most effective way is the speed of the work early as possible that depend on selection type of formwork. Such type of formwork is Mivan formwork. Mivan formwork is one of the most method for concrete pouring in single operation of wall with roof so that less consume time and it is on light in weight than conventional so that easily handle. This paper represent comparison of Mivan over the conventional formwork.
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Formwork is a major component of any Civil engineering construction. It constitutes about 35 to 45% of the total cost of the structure. The use of conventional formwork will lead to wastage of materials, time and money. In some cases conventional formwork will not meet the structural requirement. The aim of the study is to review existing column formwork and to arrive at cost effective and easy to handle formwork by making comparative study. It is envisaged that such a formwork will be more productive and possible to use for more number of cycles.
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Introduction. Making a start in formwork design. Designing the formwork system. Formwork - the people involved. The management of formwork activities. Drawings, details and models. Timber formwork design. Formwork equipment. Formwork materials. Special formwork. Basic formwork construction. The geometry of formwork. Joint considerations. Cast-in fitting. Setting out and manufacture - site and works prefabrication. Exposed or visual surface finishes. Moulds for precast concrete. Formwork for prestressed concrete structures and components. The preconcreting check. The striking of formwork. Formwork failure. Formwork safety. Slipforming. Formwork and the small builder. Formwork instruction. Appendices (prop selection chart and concrete pressure graphs for formwork design formwork exercises and projects recent examination questions bibliography).
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Precast concrete
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This paper discusses the technical improvement and innovation of domestic practical techniques for concrete formwork, such as new formwork technique, split bolt technique, construction technique of formwork at special position, formwork supporting system and formwork anti-floating technique, etc. It is pointed out that domestic formwork techniques are development towards simplification, safety, material saving and high construction efficiency.
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