Effects of butyrate-producing probiotics administration on obesity progression in ob/ob mice
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It has been reported that the administration of butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by microbiota in the intestine, induces expression of the genes involved in peroxisomal fatty acid b-oxidation. In the present study, we investigated whether administration of the butyrate-producing probiotics (Clostridium butyricum MIYARI 588, MYR) inhibit the progression of obesity and studied the effect of added dietary fiber and the mechanism in lipid metabolism. Male C57BL6J-ob/ob mice were divided into 3 groups, Control, MYR and inulin (INU) groups. Animals in MYR and INU groups were fed diet containing 3% MIYARI 588 ad libitum. Drinking water for INU group were added 1% inulin. Last week of the 7-week administration period, oral glucose-tolerance test was performed. The relative weights of liver and white adipose tissues (WAT) in MYR and INU groups were lower than Control group. Compared with Control group, Adiponectin expression in WAT of MYR group was tended to be higher, and that of MYR group was higher. In conclusion, it is suggested that the 7-week administration of MYR induces the changes in lipid metabolism involved in adiponectin expression in WAT accompanied by the decreases in liver and WAT weight.Keywords:
myr
myr
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Inulin is a polysaccharide with linear fructan chain structure. Food industries widely use inulin as a low calorie sugar substitutions. Yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius) tuber that are easily grown and contain higher inulin can be explored as local inulin sources. This research aimed to characterize the chemical properties of inulin isolated from yacón tuber. The methods of this study include proximate analysis of yacón tuber, inulin isolation, and characterization of purified inulin using FTIR. The results showed that yacón consisted of 91.23 water (analyzed as moisture), 0.12 proteins, 0.58 fats, 0.52 crude fibers, and 7.34% carbohydrates. The yield of inulin extracted from yacón tuber was 4.86% whereas its purity and actual content of inulin were 44.23 and 2.15%, respectively. The Osazon test revealed that the isolated inulin has similar crystalline with that from chicory. Based on characterization using the FTIR spectrophotometer, the isolated inulin had functional groups of C-O, C-H, CH2, O-H, and C=O. The spectrum of the isolated inulin has similarities with chicory inulin. Therefore, yacón tuber could be considered as a potential local inulin source in Indonesia.
Fructan
Prebiotic
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Jerusalem artichoke
Prebiotic
Degree of polymerization
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of intrauterine environment on adiponectin level in cord blood through comparison of normal pregnancy group and gestational diabetes group. MethodsThis cross sectional study included women with: normal pregnancy (n = 204); and patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (n = 204).Among GDM patients, 118 were managed with diet alone and 86 were insulin requiring.Cord serum adiponectin concentration at birth was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ResultsCord serum adiponectin concentration was higher in GDM treatment pregnancies compared with normal pregnancies (P = 0.02).Cord serum adiponectin concentration was higher in female compared with male fetuses both normal and gestational diabetes pregnancies (P = 0.04, P = 0.03).In normal pregnancies, cord serum adiponectin concentration was positively correlated with gestational age (r = 0.2374, P < 0.02).In normal pregnancies, cord serum adiponectin concentration did not correlated with birth weight (r = -0.05,P > 0.05).Cord serum adiponectin concentration was not different between only diet treated women and insulin requiring women in GDM (P > 0.05). ConclusionSex dimorphism for adiponectin and the change of adiponectin in GDM offsprings, fi rst appear in utero.Higher adiponectin levels in females or GDM offsprings refl ect increased adiposity of the fetuses.
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The objective of the present study was to examine the nature of equilibration of [ 3 H]-inulin and [ 14 C]inulin in the jejunal tissue in vitro. Rings of everted hamster jejunum were incubated at 37 °C in Krebs Ringer bicarbonate solution containing 10 mM glucose, tracer amounts of [ 14 C]inulin, and tracer amounts of [ 3 H]inulin from one of the two lots (lot X and lot Y) tested. The incubations were carried out for 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, or 60 min. One lot of [ 3 H]inulin (lot X) provided an estimate of the extracellular (EC) fluid volume which, at all periods of incubation, was comparable with that provided by the [ 14 C]inulin. In contrast, the estimate of EC fluid volume obtained from the other lot of [ 3 H]inulin (lot Y) was consistently higher than that obtained from the [ 14 C]inulin and increased linearly with the period of incubation. Because, with [ 3 H]inulin of lot Y, the calculated intracellular (IC) fluid volume decreased linearly with the period of incubation, and because this was not the case with the [ 14 C]inulin or with the [ 3 H]inulin of lot X, it would appear that [ 3 H]inulin of lot Y failed to equilibrate within the tissue water, while the other lot of [ 3 H]inulin (lot X), as well as [ 14 C]inulin, did. Although the EC fluid volume obtained from [ 14 C]inulin (as well as that from [ 3 H]inulin of lot X) increased progressively, the rate of increase during the first 30 min was considerably higher than that during the last 30 min of incubation. The progressive increase in the [ 14 C]inulin space, however, was accompanied by a corresponding increase in the total water content as well as in the calculated IC fluid content of the tissue. Since the IC fluid volume as percentage of total water content after 5 min of incubation was not significantly different from that after 60 min of incubation, it would appear that [ 14 C]inulin equilibrates within the EC fluid after 5 min, and that the progressive increase in the calculated EC fluid volume is the result of a corresponding increase in the EC fluid (containing [ 14 C]inulin) content of the tissue.
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Inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are prominent functional components in the food industry due to prebiotic and other pharmaceutical properties. Inulin is a storage polysaccharide in various plants. FOS are naturally present in various plants and can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of inulin. In this study, ground and sieved chicory roots (Cichorium intybus L.) were used as starting material for inulin extraction under optimized conditions determined by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. Optimum inulin extraction conditions from chicory roots were; temperature of 90 °C, extraction time of 30 min., and liquid-to-solid (LS) ratio of 10:1 mL/g. Inulin extract was further hydrolyzed to FOS by enzymatic or acid treatment, separately. Purification of inulin extract and FOS hydrolysate was performed by ultrafiltration with a 10 kDa membrane under the pressure of 2 bar with continuous stirring. As a result, inulin and FOS were obtained at 90% and 76% purity, respectively.
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Ultrafiltration (renal)
Prebiotic
Jerusalem artichoke
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1. Inulin recovery was found to be incomplete in five hours after the termination of a two—hour inulin infusion. Since the unrecovered inulin amounted to an average of 15% of the inulin present in the dog at the time of equilibration, an equivalent error was introduced into the calculation of the inulin space by the method of Gaudino and Levitt. 2. By administering a solution made from pure, accurately weighed, dry inulin, and determining the inulin content of the urine excreted during the infusion, the amount of inulin remaining in the dog can be computed with an average error of only 3.8%. In addition, the time needed for urine collection is greatly reduced.
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