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    Three multivariate prognostic models based on Cox's regression were tested in terms of how they predicted prognosis in a material of 134 patients with breast cancer. The multivariate models all incorporated tumor size, mitotic activity index (MAI), and axillary lymph node status in their formulas, and were originally produced through studies on different patient materials. The predictive behavior of MAI was also tested separately in the same material. The multivariate models gave roughly parallel predicted percentages of survival at two years (CV=5.2%), but showed clearly greater variation later (12.3% and 24.4% at 5 and 9 years, respectively). The results were more uniform between the multivariate models, than between the prediction by MAI and the multivariate models. The variation between repeated estimates was smaller within multivariate models than within the estimation of one of their components (MAI). We found the use of the multivariate models easy. However, traditional hospital practice does not necessarily favor the use of multivariate models, although they seem to group patients more reliably than single prognostic features.
    Univariate
    Citations (3)
    In a recent article, Everitt (1975) discussed several problems with multivariate techniques. However, two useful applications of multivariate techniques were not covered. The present paper describes the use of factor analysis to reduce a large array of outcome variables to a statistically manageable number, and multivariate analysis of variance to determine the relative effectiveness of several treatment regimes where a single outcome variable cannot be specified. It is concluded that the advantages of a multivariate approach out-weigh the disadvantages, provided the researcher is careful in interpreting and reporting his results.
    Citations (5)
    The data of instrumental studies in 43 patients with systemic scleroderma were compared to the clinical picture, which made it possible to specify the character and to reveal new regularities of heart lesions in patients with the above disease. The instrumental research methods, echo- and polycardiography in particular, allow an objective control of heart lesions in systemic scleroderma which should be specified in making the diagnosis and in the course of the follow-up of patients.
    Systemic scleroderma
    Scleroderma (fungus)
    Citations (0)
    Univariate methods are very helpful when utilized appropriately within the research analysis. However, there are many occasions in which only multivariate methods will satisfy an optimal assessment. In this case, multivariate methods will permit the researcher to incorporate many variables within a single research analysis. This work reviews the use of multivariate methods and how to apply them in clinical medicine.
    Univariate
    Multivariate measurement systems analysis is usually performed by designing suitable gauge R&R experiments ignoring available data generated by the measurement system while used for inspection or process control. This article proposes an approach that, using the data that are routinely available from the regular activity of the instrument, offers the possibility of assessing multivariate measurement systems without the necessity of performing a multivariate gauge study. It can be carried out more frequently than a multivariate gauge R&R experiment, since can be implemented at almost no additional cost. Therefore the synergic use of the proposed approach and the traditional multivariate gauge R&R studies can be a useful strategy for improving the overall quality of multivariate measurement systems and is effective for reducing the costs of a multivariate MSA performed with a certain frequency.
    Two cases of systemic scleroderma in girls are reported. One patient, aged 11 years, has systemic scleroderma with Raynaud's phenomenon, and pulmonary involvement. The other, aged 8 years, has systemic scleroderma with lung involvement. The specific features of pediatric systemic scleroderma are reviewed briefly.
    Scleroderma (fungus)
    Systemic scleroderma
    Citations (0)
    Multivariate statistical analyses are appropriate whenever a study involves two or more outcome variables. Because multiple-outcome models reflect social reality more accurately than do conventional single-outcome or univariate models, multivariate analysis should be studied and practiced more extensively than it is. In this article, several reasons for doing multivariate analysis are presented, and two common errors in statistical analysis are discussed. Examples are presented to show how a single multivariate analysis can produce different results than do separate univariate analyses, and to illustrate the relationship between ANOVA and canonical correlation analysis.
    Univariate
    Canonical correlation
    Statistical Analysis
    Abstract Hydrological events are described through a number of dependent features. To be correctly treated, the latter should be considered jointly in a multivariate framework. The aims of the multivariate hydrological frequency analysis are given and the justifications of adopting the multivariate setting in hydrology are discussed. The main steps of the analysis are described. Some extensions and perspectives are presented.