[Perioperative music-induced analgesia : Comparison of the effect of music on pain between preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative application].
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Introduction:The aim of this study is to briefly present and to evaluate the elements that show whether the psychological background of the patients, particularly anxiety disorder and depression, are involved in the mechanism of postoperative pain, to examine the mechanisms involved in the intensity of pain and to report the methods used to evaluate and treat pain after a surgical procedure in this vulnerable group of patients.Methods: We performed a literature review of relevant articles, mainly published during the last decade, in MEDLINE database and 15 articles were used.Results: Clinical studies lead us to the conclusion that the intensity of postoperative pain is directly related to the levels of anxiety and to the presence of depression.Undertreatment and delay in managing acute postoperative pain can lead to the development of chronic pain syndromes with consequent negative effects in life and in the level of functionality of patients.A number of neurobiological processes could further explain the effect of psychological factors on pain, especially after surgical procedures. Conclusion:The psychological aspect of acute postoperative pain can be evaluated during the preoperative period, in order to relieve the intense negative psychological experience of pain after surgery, by using pharmacological therapy as well as psychotherapy.It is of great importance to perform psychological monitoring of patients after surgery, since it has been observed that the psychological phenotype of patients is altered during the first postoperative days.Catastrophology is involved in elevated intensity of postoperative pain, therefore the appropriate use of relevant clinical interventions would be beneficial.Psychosocial and psychophysiological evaluation is of great importance in order to detect patients at high risk and to offer individualized management and targeted preventive preoperative planning.The heterogeneity of patient population going to surgery increases the need for further studies which would evaluate appropriate therapeutic regimens, individualized for each special group of patients.
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This review article provides an overview of published data regarding the involvement of music in anesthesia practice. Music is an important topic for research in different fields of anesthesiology. The use of music preoperatively is aimed at reducing anxiety, stress, and fear. However, the effect of music on perception of pain intraoperatively is controversial, according to studies of both adults and children undergoing various surgical procedures under general and/or regional anesthesia. In postoperative pain management, postanesthesia care, and neonatal intensive care, music can be a complementary method for reducing pain, anxiety, and stress. Music is a mild anxiolytic, but it is relatively ineffective when a pain stimulus is severe. However, music is inexpensive, easily administered, and free of adverse effects, and as such, can serve as complementary method for treating perioperative stress and for acute and chronic pain management, even though music's effectiveness depends on each individual patient's disposition and severity of pain stimulus.
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Postoperative patients differ in their response to pain and opioids It is therefore important that nurses offer other options as adjuvants to medication Relaxation and music may reduce pain by interrupting the postoperative cycle of pain, muscle tension and sympathetic activity This review summarizes and critiques studies on the effectiveness of relaxation and music use during postoperative pain Relaxation and music were effective in reducing affective and observed pain in the majority of studies, but they were less often effective in reducing sensory pain or opioid intake However, the between‐study differences in surgical procedures, experimental techniques, activities during testing, measurement of pain, and amount of practice make comparisons difficult Furthermore, within studies, the problems of inadequate sample size, lack of random assignment, no assurance of pretest equivalence, delayed post‐test administration and no control for opiates at the time of testing reduces the validity of the studies' conclusions Randomized controlled studies of the types of relaxation and music that are most helpful to postoperative patients should be explored in various contexts
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Currently, music therapy, as a low-cost therapeutic approach, has been successfully applied in palliative care patients, aiming to improve emotional stress and mood. Besides these advantages, the music therapy can influence the patient to have a better social interaction. In cancer patients, especially, music therapy associated with massage therapy is very cost-effective, pointing to the need for the formulation of other non-pharmacological methods. Music is intrinsically related to the reduction of pain, anxiety and stress, as well as a direct relationship with spiritual improvement and quality of life. Music therapy reinforces multidisciplinary care for the patient in palliative care, and may even reduce pain in those affected.
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With the increasing application of music therapy in clinical practice, the effectiveness of music therapy in improving the negative emotions of patients, relieving pain, and adjusting the physiological state has also been receiving increasing recognization. Moreover, music therapy as adjuvant therapy for conventional treatment can achieve a better improvement in patient satisfaction and facilitate the acceptance of make music therapy by the medical industry. In addition to inevitable trauma, general surgery is criticized for its long treatment cycles and postoperative pain. With the continuous development of fast-track surgery (FTS), music therapy has received more attention in general surgical treatment. This study reviews the development history and prospects of music therapy in general surgery.
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Music is widely used to reduce pain in a broad variety of clients and settings. Most studies focus on the pain-reducing effect of music- listening interventions on patients with acute pain, whereas studies investigating the effect of active therapy (ie, music making) on pain perception in patients with recurrent or chronic pain are rare. This article reviews the findings of a series of previously published studies by our work group, conducted during the past 10 years, using defined music therapy plans in the treatment of outpatients with conditions of recurrent or chronic pain. This review provides evidence that a specific music therapy concept tailored to the demands of the patient might be able to substantially reduce pain frequency and pain intensity in patients with recurrent or chronic pain. However, further studies need to investigate the nature of those beneficial effects and their specificity.
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