A new predictive model for the outlet turbidity in micro-irrigation sand filters fed with effluents using Gaussian process regression
P.J. Garcı́a NietoEsperanza García–GonzaloJaume Puig‐BarguésCarles Solé-TorresMiquel Duran–RosGerard Arbat
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Turbidity
Filtration (mathematics)
Clogging
Water exiting from treatment stations, which work by the fixing manner in natural oxidization ponds, has a high concentration of solid substances due to the existence of the algae, and for reusing this water for agriculture these substances must be reduced.The subject of this research is to study the efficiency of one of the rapid filtration forms, using dual-layer rapid filters, in order to get rid of the solid particles suspended in the final output water of Salamiah Sewage Treatment Plant. To achieve this, an experimental treatment station was constructed and operated to evaluate the efficiency of wastewater treatment by using a rapid sand filter, with a filter bed composed of local sand with pistachio peels, the total filter bed height (1.4m) consisting of (1m) sand and (40 cm) pistachio peels. The action of the experimental filter has been compared over three cycles of filtration and the optimum filtration cycle has been reached at a plenty rate of 12 m3/m2.h, where the efficiency of removing the turbidity, TSS and COD was 32.43%, 89.79% and 64.29% respectively.It is discerned that these filters are easy to be invested and has a high output in comparison with filtrating by the general traditional way, and it is recommended for use in treatment stations operating with the natural oxidization ponds method.
Filtration (mathematics)
Dual purpose
Dual layer
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Abstract High turbidity seriously affects the landscape effect of urban landscape water. In order to explore the turbidity removal effect of filtration bed with suspended media materials on landscape water, a filtration test was carried out with Xinhe river in Fengxi new city. The results showed that the filter bed had an effective and reliable removal performance on turbidity and suspended solids in landscape water. The turbidity removal rates were 44.50%-77.24%, and the suspended solid removal rates were 50.37%-78.85%. The use of expended polystyrene filter media material and upward flow direction got higher remove effect of the turbidity. Suspended solid particles with size less than 100 μm is the limiting factor affecting the treatment effect of the filter bed, and the expanded polystyrene filter material had a better removal effect on the particulate matter in this range. On the premise of ensuring the treatment effect, the filter bed with suspended media has the advantages of low backwash energy consumption and long filtration period, therefore, it is suitable to be used as the pre-treatment unit of landscape water treatment project.
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Filtration (mathematics)
Slow sand filter
Polystyrene
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ABSTRACT: The objective of the research was to investigate the feasibility of continuous‐backwash upflow filtration of primary effluent. Feasibility was assessed on the basis of removal of suspended solids, turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand, and the change in particle size distribution over varying filtration rates. Continuous‐backwash filtration was effective over a wide range of wastewater filtration rates varying from 96 to 264 L/m 2 · min (2.4 to 6.6 gal/ft 2 · min). An average of 70% of the suspended solids (over an influent range from 8 to 56 mg/L), 46% of the turbidity (over an influent range from 20 to 72 NTU), and 27% of the total 5‐day biochemical oxygen demand (over an influent range from 61 to 101 mg/L) was removed by primary effluent filtration with no subsequent buildup of headloss. Neither the filtration rate nor the influent concentration influenced the removal efficiency for suspended solids, turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand, or affected the particle size distribution of the filtered effluent within the range evaluated.
Turbidity
Filtration (mathematics)
Total suspended solids
Biochemical oxygen demand
Volatile suspended solids
Total dissolved solids
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of an aeration, sedimentation and filtration system viewing to prevent the clogging of emitters as well as to evaluate water distribution uniformity in a drip irrigation system at the time of its implementation and a year after using the prevention system. The research was conducted at the ‘Estancia Tropical’ farm, in the municipality of Barretos, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, from March 2008 to February 2009, with water being physically and chemically evaluated at six sampling sites along a system composed of aerators with sprinklers on bed rocks and a settlement tank and a filter assemblage consisting of two sand filters and two disk filters in a localized irrigation system. The prevention system was efficient in improving water quality by reducing clogging risk levels from severe to medium and from medium to low. All the measured variables (oxygen dissolved in water, suspended solids, dissolved solids, turbidity, electrical conductivity, Fe, Fe, total iron, pH, and total Mn), with the exception of Fe, showed different levels of water quality along the sampling points of the treatment system. Suspended solids, turbidity, dissolved solids, and total iron values were reduced by the use of the proposed system, thus improving water quality. After a year of prevention, the coefficients CUC, CUD, and Us used to determine the uniformity of water distribution showed values above 80%, being so classified as excellent, good, and very good. Additional keywords: emitters clogging, quality of water for irrigation, uniformity coefficient Cientifica, Jaboticabal, v.39, n.1/2, p.7–17, 2011
Clogging
Turbidity
Total dissolved solids
Total suspended solids
Filtration (mathematics)
Sedimentation
Sand filter
Soil gradation
Slow sand filter
Distribution uniformity
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The bottom ash pilot-test filtration experiment was conducted to reduce the discharge of suspended solids from construction sites runoff using relatively large diameter (dâ¥10 mm) of bottom ash filter media. The filtration efficiency of the bottom ash increased with an increase in the input loadings of suspended solids. Whereas the filtration efficiencies of suspended solids were more than 20% up to the second filtration layer (Lâ¤46.6 cm), while the filtration efficiencies of suspended solids were less than 20% after the third filtration layer (L > 46.6 cm). Additionally, more than 70% from total filtered amounts of suspended solids were removed by clogging the pores in the second filtration layer (Lâ¤46.6 cm). On the other hand, the turbidity removal efficiencies were less than 20%, irrespective of the influent turbidity, and the order and length of the bottom ash filtration layer. As a result of the of mass balance analysis, the clogging time of bottom ash filter layer was about 510 minutes, the average filtration efficiency of suspended solids was 67.7%, and the average filtration efficiency of turbidity was calculated at 31.8%, indicating that bottom ash filter layer with relatively enhanced filtration efficiency is effective in reducing suspended solids in the construction sites runoffs. Key words: Construction Site Runoff, Suspended Solids, Bottom Ash, Filter Media, Inflow Loadings, Clogging
Filtration (mathematics)
Clogging
Turbidity
Total suspended solids
Volatile suspended solids
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The present study is in fact an extension of the previous work to elaborate further the performance of slow sand filters in terms of the removal of the suspended solids by the application of solids loading. A laboratory scale model consisting of four slow sand filter units was operated in parallel with a constant solids loading of 8.4 gms/m2-hr to each filter. The raw water was obtained from the nearby canal. The filters could be operated only for a small period as they clogged rapidly. All the filters show similar behaviour in terms of effluent suspended solids. In other words a combination of high influent solids and low rate of filtration or high rate of filtration and low influent turbidity appear to result in similar effluent quality in terms of suspended solids. It is however important to note that filter run lengths were too short for a proper comparison of this nature.
Turbidity
Filtration (mathematics)
Slow sand filter
Sand filter
Total suspended solids
Total dissolved solids
Volatile suspended solids
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Filtration (mathematics)
Turbidity
Particle (ecology)
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A downward roughing filter unit consisting of silica sand as the filter medium was optimized for performance towards removal of turbidity and suspended solids from handwashing wastewater. Design-Expert software was employed to optimize media particle size, filter depth, and flowrate. Linear and quadratic models were found to best fit the responses of turbidity and suspended solids removal, respectively. Particle size and flow rate were the only parameters with significant effects on removal of turbidity and suspended solids. Optimal conditions were found to be media particle size 0.6 mm, filter depth 12 cm, and flow rate 0.3 Lmin-1, corresponding to removal efficiencies of 62 and 67% for turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS), respectively, as predicted by the model. Validation of model at optimal conditions resulted in turbidity and TSS removal of 55 and 53%, respectively. Additionally, removal efficiencies of the roughing filter towards apparent colour, true colour, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from handwashing wastewater were 56, 20, 32, and 5%, respectively. Overall, although turbidity of filtered water was >50 NTU, the reduction achieved by roughing filtration is a significant step in enhancing the performance of water treatment processes downstream, including filtration and adsorption by slow sand filters and activated carbon, respectively.
Turbidity
Filtration (mathematics)
Total suspended solids
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The present study is an extension of the previous work in order to see the effect of solids-loading on the performance of slow sand filters in terms of the fdtcr run length. The study has been conducted at laboratory scale model using local canal water. The model consisting of four slow sand filter units was operated in parallel. The influent water turbidity applied to the filter units was changed by presedimentation as well as by dilution. A constant solids loading of 8.4 gms/nf -hr was applied to each filter. The performance of the filters was measured in lens of the filter run length by the head loss criteria. It was found that both high influent suspend solids concentration and high rates of filtration had a pronounced effect on the filter nut length rather than suspended solids removal as the filters clogged very rapidly. In other words the influent turbidity and rale of filtration appear to be more important than the solids loading in determining the filter nut length.
Filtration (mathematics)
Turbidity
Hydraulic head
Slow sand filter
Sand filter
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