Hydration Strategies for Preventing Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis
20
Citation
88
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
Aims . Many previous studies have examined the effect of different hydration strategies on prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI), but the optimal strategy is unknown. We performed a network meta-analysis (NWM) of these previous studies to identify the optimal strategy. Methods and Results . Web of Science, PubMed, OVID Medline, and Cochrane Library were searched from their inception dates to September 30, 2018. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected based on strict inclusion criteria, and a Bayesian NWM was performed using WinBUGS V.1.4.3. We finally analyzed 60 eligible RCTs, which examined 21,293 patients and 2232 CI-AKI events. Compared to intravenous 0.9% sodium chloride (reference), intravenous sodium bicarbonate (OR [95% CI]: 0.74 [0.57, 0.93]), hemodynamic guided hydration (0.41 [0.18, 0.93]), and RenalGuard guided hydration (0.32 [0.14, 0.70]) significantly reduced the occurrence of CI-AKI. Oral hydration and intravenous 0.9% sodium chloride were each noninferior to no hydration in preventing CI-AKI. Intravenous 0.9% sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and hemodynamic guided hydration were each noninferior to oral hydration in preventing CI-AKI. Based on surface under the cumulative ranking curve values, the RenalGuard system was best (0.974) and hemodynamic guided hydration was second best (0.849). Conclusion . There was substantial evidence to support the use of RenalGuard or hemodynamic guided hydration for preventing CI-AKI in high-risk patients, especially those with chronic kidney disease or cardiac dysfunction.Cite
Citations (0)
Neurophysiological findings and recent theorizing suggest that contrast may influence the ease of attentional selection, with high-contrast stimuli easy to select and hard to ignore. We tested this in four experiments. In Exp 1, subjects searched for a target (an “8” or a “9”) in a display of digits. In separate blocks, subjects searched a display of: (A) low-contrast digits, (B) high-contrast digits, (C) half low- and half high-contrast digits, with the target appearing among the low-contrast digits, or (D) half low- and half high-contrast digits, with the target appearing among the high-contrast digits. In conditions C and D, subjects were told the contrast of the target, potentially allowing them to select based on contrast. Subjects performed significantly better in condition C than in A (and better in condition D than in B), indicating that contrast differences between relevant and irrelevant stimuli improves search even when the irrelevant stimuli are of higher contrast. In Exps 2 and 3, subjects searched for a target among digits within half of the items, which was defined by color (red vs. green) or location, respectively. The contrast of these “relevant” and “irrelevant” sets was independently manipulated. When the relevant subset was defined by color, the search was easier whenever the “relevant” and “irrelevant” items had different contrast levels, even when the distractors were high-contrast. However, when the relevant items were in distinct locations, search was harder when the irrelevant subset was of high-contrast. This was not true, however, when the same experiment was repeated with different contrast levels presented in different blocks (Exp 4). Overall, the results suggest that selective attention to either high- or low-contrast is readily achieved, although this capability is not always utilized. The results challenge the most obvious linkage between attentional function and neurophysiological findings concerning contrast and attention.
Color contrast
High contrast
Visual Search
Cite
Citations (0)
【目的】心臓手術後の急性腎傷害（acute kidney injury, AKI）は短期長期的な予後と関連する。今回我々は，人工心肺を使用した心臓手術後に発生するAKIに関して後方視的に検討した。【方法】2011年から2013年の期間に当院で人工心肺使用下に心臓手術を行った成人症例を対象とした。AKIは術後7日以内に発症したものと定義し，診断にはAcute Kidney Injury Networkの基準を使用した。【結果】対象症例は263例，AKI発症例は64例（24.3％）であった。2例が術後1週間以内に腎代替療法を必要とした。多変量解析の結果，男性，糖尿病，BMI，術前の推算糸球体濾過量，人工心肺時間がAKI発症に有意に関連していた。AKI群の91％がstage 1，78％が2日以内にAKIから離脱していた。【結論】性別以外のAKIリスク因子は過去の報告例と共通するものであった。AKI群の多くが軽症であり，短期間で改善が得られていた。
Cite
Citations (1)
Meta-regression
Cite
Citations (0)
Hollingsworth recently showed a posttest contrast for ANOVA situations that, for equal N, had several favorable qualities; the contrast is maximized so that if the overall F test were significant, the contrast would also be significant. The coefficients are chosen such that , which is said to help interpret the resulting contrast. However, for unequal N, the contrast suggested by Hollingsworth fails to achieve status as a maximized contrast; thus the contrast is not insured to be significant when the overall F test is significant, requiring separate testing of the contrast.
Contrast effect
Cite
Citations (1)
To determine whether the progression and/or improvement of acute kidney injury in critically ill children is associated with mortality.Retrospective.Multidisciplinary, tertiary care, 24-bed PICU.A TOTAL OF: 8,260 patients who were 1 month to 21 years old with no chronic kidney disease admitted between May 2003 and March 2012.We analyzed patients based on their acute kidney injury stage as per the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes acute kidney injury serum creatinine staging criteria on ICU admission, peak (highest acute kidney injury stage reached), and trough (lowest acute kidney injury stage after the peak) during their ICU stay. Nonrenal organ dysfunction was measured with a modified Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction score. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. p values were based on Yates-corrected chi-square test and logistic regression.Of the 8,260 patients, 529 (6.4%) had acute kidney injury on ICU admission and 974 (11.8%) had acute kidney injury during their ICU course. The 28-day mortality was 2.7% for patients with no acute kidney injury and 25.3% for patients with acute kidney injury. Patients in whom acute kidney injury developed or had worsening acute kidney injury from admission to peak and reached acute kidney injury stage 2 or 3 had higher mortality than those who remained at an acute kidney injury stage 1 (17.3-17.8% vs 32.2-37.9%; p ≤ 0.003). Patients whose acute kidney injury resolved after the peak had lower mortality than those who retained the same degree of acute kidney injury (9-13.5% vs 37.3-44%; p ≤ 0.04). Patients with acute kidney injury that resolved still had higher mortality than those who never developed acute kidney injury (11.2% vs 2.7%; p < 0.001). Multivariate regression demonstrated that the association between mortality and acute kidney injury progression was independent of severity of illness at admission and the severity of nonrenal organ dysfunction during the first week of ICU stay (p ≤ 0.01).Progression of acute kidney injury per the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes staging criteria is independently associated with increased mortality in the PICU while its improvement is associated with a stepwise decrease in mortality.
Nephrology
Cite
Citations (82)
Meta-regression
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak
Cite
Citations (0)
This article established a general theory of equating visibilities based on task contrast and contrast sensitivities. It quantifies the relationship between equivalent contrast of a task and its physical contrast, as well as the relationship between visual CRF (Contrast Rendition Factor) and physical CRF.
Equating
Visibility
Cite
Citations (2)
Whether contrast adaptation may enhance contrast discrimination is a question that has remained largely unresolved because of conflicting empirical evidence. Greenlee and Heitger (1988), for example, reported that contrast discrimination may be enhanced after contrast adaptation, while Maattanen and Koenderink (1991) did not. This paper aimed to account for the different conclusions reached by these independent researchers by manipulations of key differences that exist between the two studies. It is shown that contrast discrimination may be enhanced after adaptation, but that these effects can vary markedly across subjects and test conditions. Enhancements in contrast discrimination are reported to be significant when adapting and testing at low levels of contrast, but just significant at higher levels of contrast. For high contrast signals; enhancements are shown to be independent of temporal frequency but dependent upon viewing conditions. Under binocular viewing conditions, enhancements in contrast discrimination thresholds are shown to be significantly higher than under monocular viewing conditions. It is suggested that the different conclusions reached by Greenlee and Heitger and by Maattanen and Koenderink may be explained by their respective differences in viewing conditions. The former study used binocular, while the latter study used monocular viewing with an occluding eyepatch.
Monocular
High contrast
Contrast effect
Cite
Citations (48)
The aim of this paper is to rationalize the idea of constructing a contrast category as one of the semantic categories in Chinese Language,as well as to classify it from different perspectives.There are theoretical supports from cognitive psychology and linguistic that contrast as a semantic category in modern Chinese is the reflection of contrast as part of humankinds' cognitive mechanism.As a semantic category revises a certain relationship,contrast is characterized by highlighting difference.From different perspectives we can classify contrast category into different sub-categories as follows:marked contrast and unmarked contrast,antithetical contrast and non-antithetical contrast,two-thing contrast and two-profile contrast,linear contrast and non-linear contrast,overt contrast and implied contrast,unitary contrast and multiple contrast and etc.
Cite
Citations (0)