Seeking Divine Intervention to Manage the Advanced Stages of Breast Cancer in Southwestern Nigeria
9
Citation
11
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
Background The World Health Organization records indicate that breast cancer is the most common cancer in women both in developed and developing regions of the world. In developed countries, breast cancer is the second cause of cancer-related deaths, whereas in developing countries, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. The empirical literature on Nigeria indicates that women present with advanced stages of the illness. Objectives To explore the health-seeking behaviors of Southwestern Nigerian women with advanced breast cancer from the time they noticed a breast abnormality to their eventual presentation at the hospital for the management of the illness. Methods Thirty women with advanced stages of breast cancer in a large tertiary, referral, teaching, and university-affiliated Southwestern Nigeria Hospital were purposively selected for study participation. Participants completed a demographic information form and an in-depth face-to-face, one-on-one, semistructured interview guided by open-ended questions. Data analysis was inductive. Results Findings revealed that women sought divine interventions for the management of breast cancer. Prayer and spirituality were associated with high levels of optimism among the study participants. Conclusion Nurses should provide information and counseling to women and the general public on the etiology and appropriate management of breast abnormalities and include the importance of a spiritual dimension of care. Implications for Practice Findings indicate the need to introduce a spiritual dimension to the care of women with advanced breast cancer. Findings also indicate the need for a comprehensive population-based breast health education.Keywords:
Breast cancer awareness
We investigated optimistic grade expectations among 258 college students from 2 contrasting perspectives: optimism as uninformed wishfulness and as an informed aspirational judgment. Results revealed considerable grade optimism; most students (70%) overestimated an average of 1 full grade. Grade expectations moderately predicted final grade but not course effort after adjusting for cumulative grade point average (GPA). Grade optimism and predictive accuracy differed as a function of GPA. For most students (upper two thirds on GPA), grade expectations accurately predicted performance, suggesting a mixture of self-knowledge and realistic aspirations, or informed optimism. For less accomplished students, grade optimism may be more uninformed wishfulness, the solution to which may be student skill improvement.
Cite
Citations (55)
Breast health is extremely important for all women. However, the breast is another region of the human body that is susceptible to cancer. Breast cancer is becoming increasingly common these days, and it is now one of the leading causes of mortality globally. According to the World Health Organization, breast cancer is the most common disease among women worldwide, claiming the lives of hundreds of thousands of women each year and impacting nations at all stages of development. In fact, it is the most common cancer in women, with a significant incidence observed among those aged 30 to 50. The goal of the World Health Organization’s Worldwide Breast Cancer Initiative (GBCI) is to reduce global breast cancer mortality by 2.5 percent each year; As a result, 2.5 million breast cancer deaths will be avoided globally between 2020 and 2040. To achieve these goals, three pillars must be in place: health endorsement for early detection, suitable identification at the right time, and comprehensive breast cancer management. Because of advances in early detection and care, the incidence of women dying of breast cancer has decreased by 41% from 1989 to 2018. During that time, more than 403,000 breast cancer deaths were prevented.
Breast cancer awareness
Cite
Citations (1)
Extant research shows that entrepreneurs are typically too optimistic about their ventures’ prospects and that this optimism hampers performance. We account for the underlying cognitive mechanisms by (i) analyzing how dispositional optimism shapes the updating of entrepreneurs’ expectations about their performance after receiving a feedback, and (ii) exploring the relation between optimism and effectiveness of innovation. We use unique archival data combined with a laboratory experiment involving 100 entrepreneurs. Our evidence indicates that dispositional optimism impairs belief updating in response to negative feedback. Moreover, dispositional optimism triggers a discrepancy – between inputs and innovation outputs – that reduces a firm’s innovation effectiveness.
Optimism bias
Cite
Citations (0)
Optimism about the increased engagement of women in information technology employment has been informed, in part, by essentialist ideas about the suitability for women of emerging jobs combining technical with interpersonal, artistic or other ‘non‐technical’ skills. Drawing on evidence from Australia, we highlight limitations to this brand of optimism, questioning the potential for women in mixed‐skill jobs in computing and multimedia organisations.
Essentialism
Cite
Citations (39)
Abstract There is a general, widely‐held belief that optimism is always a good thing. While there is much previous research suggesting that optimists enjoy several health and wellness benefits, there is also a large body of research suggesting that optimism is not always advantageous. Perhaps examining how optimism develops and changes across the lifespan may give us insight into how people use optimism and allow us to determine if and when optimism is helpful or maladaptive for them. In the current review, we review evidence debating the benefits and costs of optimism, as well as examine how optimism develops across the lifespan. We discuss how life events may or may not impact the developmental trajectory of optimism. Lastly, we address currently unanswered questions and emphasize the contextual nature of optimism's advantages.
Optimism bias
Cite
Citations (24)
Although people generally appear optimistic about the future, they shift from optimism under certain circumstances. Drawing from a recent review of the literature, we describe how both optimism and shifts from optimism serve the common goal of preparedness, which includes a readiness to deal with setbacks and a readiness to take advantage of opportunities. Shifts from optimism occur in response to available information and to the possibility that things may not turn out as hoped. People tend to shift from optimism when feedback is anticipated in the near future, when the outcome is important, when negative outcomes are easily imagined, and when the outcomes are uncontrollable. In addition, people with low self-esteem shift from optimism more readily than do people with high self-esteem. Finally, both optimism and shifts from optimism have unique benefits in terms of preparedness.
Preparedness
Cite
Citations (188)
The purpose of this book was to increase the power of the individual, especially in optimism, and to control positive emotions based on the principles of positive psychology of a teenager and minimize negative thoughts to develop positive feelings to develop optimism about life. The book can be read by the youth himself, who needs guidance in developing optimism in himself. These books are designed for psychologists, therapists, guidance and counseling teachers, and psych undergraduates as guidelines or ordinances on developing optimism in any child or youth.
Positive Psychology
Cite
Citations (0)
The aim of the author is to convince us on two things – Optimism is essential for success in all walks of life and second, that it can be developed. While no one would disagree on first, we are yet to find solid research proving the fact. The book gives a solid theoretical framework to measure the level of optimism in an individual and also outlines a comprehensive approach that can be used to develop optimism and positive mind-set in people.
Predictive power
Cite
Citations (0)
Aging is associated with an increase in need for assistance. Preparation for future care (PFC) is related to improved coping ability as well as better mental and physical health outcomes among older adults. We examined the association of optimism with components of PFC among older adults. We also explored race differences in the relationship between optimism and PFC. In Study 1, multiple regression showed that optimism was positively related to concrete planning. In Study 2, optimism was related to gathering information. An exploratory analysis combining the samples yielded a race interaction: For Whites higher optimism, but for Blacks lower optimism was associated with more planning. High optimism may be a barrier to future planning in certain social and cultural contexts.
Exploratory research
Cite
Citations (30)